辽宁地区尿路结石患者结石成分及相关因素分析

目的分析辽宁地区泌尿系结石成分特点,为该地区尿路结石的防治提供依据。方法收集2016年1月至2017年5月沈阳市尿路结石治疗中心163例尿路结石患者的病历资料和结石样本,采用红外光谱进行结石成分分析。结果 163例尿路结石共检出8种成分,混合成分的结石占90.2%;含两种成分的结石占54.0%;上尿路结石占总数的81.6%。一水和二水草酸钙结石在输尿管中高发,而碳酸磷灰石结石在肾脏中高发;男性与女性患者比例为3.2∶1;不同成分结石发生率的性别比较,男性的尿酸结石(χ²=5.196,P=0.023)和女性的磷酸钙结石(χ²=9.717,P=0.002)与异性相比差异有统计学意义;尿路结石高发于50～70岁年龄段。结论辽宁地区的尿路结石患者中,混合结石占绝大多数,多发于上尿路的输尿管,结石成分以一水草酸钙、二水草酸钙和碳酸磷灰石为主,男性多于女性,中老年高发。     

Deficiency in the repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination and sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition

Deficiency in either of the breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 or BRCA2 induces profound cellular sensitivity to the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity. We hypothesized that the critical role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the repair of double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR) was the underlying reason for this sensitivity. Here, we examine the effects of deficiency of several proteins involved in HR on sensitivity to PARP inhibition. We show that deficiency of RAD51, RAD54, DSS1, RPA1, NBS1, ATR, ATM, CHK1, CHK2, FANCD2, FANCA, or FANCC induces such sensitivity. This suggests that BRCA-deficient cells are, at least in part, sensitive to PARP inhibition because of HR deficiency. These results indicate that PARP inhibition might be a useful therapeutic strategy not only for the treatment of BRCA mutation-associated tumors but also for the treatment of a wider range of tumors bearing a variety of deficiencies in the HR pathway or displaying properties of 'BRCAness.'     

阿托品对兔胸主动脉平滑肌收缩和细胞增殖的影响

用兔胸主动脉条研究Atr,Ver对CaCl₂,Atr对KCI量—效反应的影响。观察到Atr和Ver能抑制2种激动剂所致兔主动脉条的收缩,量一效曲线右移,最大反应降低,其pD₂值分别为4.4和5.8。两药也能明显抑制NE依内Ca²⁺性收缩,Atr对NE依外Ca²⁺性收缩影响较小,说明Atr主要对细胞外Ca²⁺经PDC所致的收缩有抑制作用。在兔ASMC培养中,有Ca²⁺时,Atr抑制ASMC增殖,无Ca²⁺时,Atr 20.6～185.2 μmol/L表现刺激增殖,555.7～1666.7 μmol/L则抑制MSMC增殖,说明Atr对ASMC作用也与Ca(2+)有关。     

去氢表雄酮硫酸酯钠盐对妊娠大鼠子宫颈张力的影响及作用机理

去氢表雄酮硫酸酯为正常人体肾上腺所分泌,是合成雄激素和雌激素的前体。1970年日本钟仿制药厂正式生产该产品作为宫颈成熟剂,用于治疗宫颈成熟不全和产程延长等。Mochizuki给妊娠末期的妇女ⅳ去氢表雄酮硫酸酯钠盐(OHA-S)100 mg,共2次,发现DHA-S能促进子     

(+),(-)和(±)棉酚在雌大鼠抗早孕作用的研究

妊娠第6～9天大鼠,分别ig(±)和(-)棉酚80mg·kg^-1·d^-1和40mg·kg^-1·d^-1,结果有明显的抗早孕作用。然而(+)棉酚40mg·kg^-1·d^-1对大鼠生育无明显影响。(-)棉酚30μg·ml^-1能抑制体外培养黄体细胞孕酮的分泌。(+)棉酚10μg·ml^-1能促进黄体细胞分泌孕酮。hCG1IU·ml^-1能明显刺激体外培养颗粒细胞孕酮的分泌。(±)棉酚10和30μg·ml^-1皆能明显降低颗粒细胞对hCG的反应性。     

舒他西林水解反应的研究

为指导合理用药,对舒他西林特性进行了研究。舒他西林是由氨苄西林和舒巴坦通过双酯键连接而成的口服β内酰胺抗生素前药,在中性及偏碱性条件下极易水解,水解时两个酯键的活泼性不同,通常优先形成氨苄西林和舒巴坦羟甲酯;在自发水解液中氨苄西林和舒巴坦之比约3∶1;产生的氨苄西林羟甲酯和舒巴坦羟甲酯经酯酶等进一步水解可释放出甲醛。     

Computed tomography versus intravenous urography in diagnosis of acute flank pain from urolithiasis: A randomized study comparing imaging costs and radiation dose

The equivalent sensitivity of non‐contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and intravenous urography (IVU) in the diagnosis of suspected ureteric colic has been established. Approximately 50% of patients with suspected ureteric colic do not have a nephro‐urological cause for pain. Because many such patients require further imaging studies, NCCT may obviate the need for these studies and, in so doing, be more cost effective and involve less overall radiation exposure. The present study compares the total imaging cost and radiation dose of NCCT versus IVU in the diagnosis of acute flank pain. Two hundred and twenty‐four patients (157 men; mean age 45 years; age range 19–79 years) with suspected renal colic were randomized either to NCCT or IVU. The number of additional diagnostic imaging studies, cost (IVU A$136; CTU A$173), radiation exposure and imaging times were compared. Of 119 (53%) patients with renal obstruction, 105 had no nephro‐urological causes of pain. For 21 (20%) of these patients an alternative diagnosis was made at the initial imaging, 10 of which were significant. Of 118 IVU patients, 28 (24%) required 32 additional imaging tests to reach a diagnosis, whereas seven of 106 (6%) NCCT patients required seven additional imaging studies. The average total diagnostic imaging cost for the NCCT group was A$181.94 and A$175.46 for the IVU group (P < 0.43). Mean radiation dose to diagnosis was 5.00 mSv (NCCT) versus 3.50 mSv (IVU) (P < 0.001). Mean imaging time was 30 min (NCCT) versus 75 min (IVU) (P < 0.001). Diagnostic imaging costs were remarkably similar. Although NCCT involves a higher radiation dose than IVU, its advantages of faster diagnosis, the avoidance of additional diagnostic imaging tests and its ability to diagnose other causes makes it the study of choice for acute flank pain at Christchurch Hospital.     

五味子醇甲的代谢转化

采用动物肝微粒体体外代谢法对五味子醇甲的代谢转化进行了研究。从体外代谢产物中鉴定其主要的三个代谢物为:7,8-顺二羟基五味子酸甲;7,7-顺二羟基-2-去甲基五味子醇甲及7,8-顺二羟基-3-去甲基五味子醇甲。在此基础上,建立了生物体液中五味子醇甲及其代谢物的反相HPLC分析方法,并用此法检测了服药后大鼠的胆汁及尿样,比较了体外代谢与体内代谢的异同。