The efficacy of '0.05% Clobetasol + 2.5% zinc sulphate' cream vs. '0.05% Clobetasol alone' cream in the treatment of the chronic hand eczema: a double-blind study

Background Many therapeutic modalities have been suggested for treatment of the chronic hand eczema. Despite good immediate efficacy of some of these treatments, there is high recurrence of the dermatitis following cessation of the treatment. Aim Regarding the beneficial effects of the zinc sulfate on the skin, we designed a double blind study to evaluate the efficacy of the ‘0.05% Clobetasol + 2.5% zinc sulphate’ cream versus ‘0.05% Clobetasol alone’ cream in the treatment of the chronic hand eczema. Subjects and Methods This study was a double‐blind, right to left, prospective, clinical trial. In total, 47 patients with chronic hand eczema admitted to dermatology center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected and their right hand or left hand were selected at random to be treated with either the ‘0.05% Clobetasol + 2.5% zinc sulphate’ cream or ‘0.05% Clobetasol alone’ cream twice daily for 2 weeks. All of the patients were treated for 2 weeks and were followed up at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 after starting the treatment. For determining the severity of chronic hand eczema, we assessed and scored 4 different characteristics of the lesions including redness; scaling; lichenification and pruritus. The data were analyzed using SPSS program (release 13) and statistical tests including Mann‐Whitney test. Results Overall, 47 patients (94 samples) were evaluated. All of these patients had similar and symmetrical lesions on their right and left hands. Out of them, 35 patients were females and 12 patients were male. In all of the evaluated characterisitics, the ‘0.05% Clobetasol + 2.5% zinc sulphate’ cream was more effective than ‘0.05% Clobetasol alone’ cream (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of eczema was significantly lower in the group treated with this combination treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion With regard to the encouraging results of the combination treatment with Clobetasol + zinc sulphate, we suggest that in a more extensive clinical trial, the efficacy of this treatment against chronic hand dermatitis be evaluated. In addition, evaluation of this combination therapy against other inflammatory dermatosis seems to be logical.     

Alopecia areata in Turkey: demographic and clinical features

Background  Alopecia areata is a complex genetic disease with still many unknown aspects, and many studies have been tried to find some clues about it.
Objective  We aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of alopecia areata in Turkish patients.
Methods  Demographic data, localization, attack number in addition to some parameters such as disease duration, severity, age of onset, family history and ophiasis pattern were evaluated in 539 alopecia areata patients.
Results  The male to female ratio was 1.6 : 1. Occipital and beard-moustache areas were mostly affected. Positive family history was noticed in 24.1% of the patients. The age of onset was earlier in women than in men ( P =  0.04). Severe forms showed more persistent (≥ 1 year) disease duration ( P =  0.00). Ophiasis was more common in severe, long duration (≥ 1 year) and early onset (≤ 18 years) disease ( P =  0.00 for all parameters). Childhood alopecia areata (≤ 18 years) was also associated with long duration of the disease ( P =  0.016) and positive family history ( P =  0.008) when compared with adult onset (> 18 years) alopecia areata.     

Flexible tantalum stents implanted in aortas and iliac arteries: effects in normal canines

Vascular endoprostheses made of knitted tantalum wire and expanded over angioplasty balloons were placed into aortas or iliac arteries of 14 normal dogs. Twelve stents were placed into the infrarenal abdominal aorta and two stents in the left common iliac arteries by the left carotid artery approach. To firmly expand the stent against the vascular wall, nominal stent sizes 0.5-1.0 mm larger than the measured arterial diameter were required. Arteriography performed at specified follow-up intervals showed no evidence of thrombi or emboli; all side branches (lumbar arteries) covered by the stents remained patent. Vascular diameter decreased minimally at 8 and 26 weeks, associated with histopathologic evidence of neointimal buildup. This buildup was highest at 8 weeks (mean, 313 microns) and was slightly less at 26 weeks (mean, 223 microns). Almost complete coverage by endothelium was seen as early as 3 weeks. It is concluded that the flexible tantalum wire stents are well tolerated by the arterial wall and become quickly endothelialized. No excessive neointimal buildup was observed during the 6-month study.     

What is a safe waiting time for coronary artery bypass surgery?

To determine the factors that influenced doctors' prioritization and decisions on safe waiting time for coronary artery bypass surgery, 50 'paper patients', based on a random sample of cases who actually had surgery, were assessed by 33 clinicians. We used linear regression models to reflect the impact of clinical and non-clinical 'cues' on safe waiting time and priority decisions. The benefits of surgery tended to be over-estimated. For example, the average perceived gain in life expectancy for patients with left main-stem disease was 6.74 years. However, models incorporating only the perceptions of benefit as independent variables (i.e. the anticipated symptom reduction, MI risk reduction and life expectancy extension), had only modest explanatory power (mean R2 was 0.55 for safe waiting time, and 0.56 for priority decisions). Models which incorporated perceptions of benefit and the cases' clinical and non-clinical characteristics had generally much higher explanatory power (mean R2, 0.83 and 0.86, respectively). Lifestyle and demographic variables had much less impact on the doctors' judgements than the major clinical cues of angina severity and left main-stem stenosis. Demographic and lifestyle cues had different impacts on safe waiting time and priority for about 25% of doctors.      

Intermittent subclavian artery occlusion following clavicular fracture

Although fractures of the clavicle are common, complications are rare. A 41 year old painter developed two uncommon complications of clavicular fracture, mechanical intermittent subclavian artery occlusion and subclavian vein thrombosis. Both conditions were clearly identified on the clinical symptoms and signs and confirmed with dynamic angiography and computerised tomography. Operative intervention led to complete resolution of symptoms.     

坐式排球运动与腰背肌筋膜炎的关系及其损伤预防

目的:对坐式排球运动员进行腰背肌筋膜炎损伤检查与积极治疗,并制定有效措施预防腰背肌筋膜炎损伤的发生,以提高其成绩水平。方法:实验于2006-03/07于鲁东大学体育学院完成。①选取2006年参加山东省残疾人运动会的烟台队坐式排球运动员22名,男12名,女10名,平均年龄(27±2)岁。②对22名坐式排球运动员进行腰背肌筋膜炎损伤状况检查,病历需要详细注明受伤原因、腰背部肌肉筋膜的痛点及运动障碍、确定损伤性质是急性还是慢性、确定损伤位置、抗阻力实验是否为阳性。③检查完毕后,对存在腰背肌筋膜炎损伤的运动员采用日本温热式低周波治疗器 外敷中药治疗。温热式低周波治疗器主要选择拍打、推压、按摩、左右变换按揉,每次治疗时间为15min,温度控制在38～43℃,将(-)导子放在痛点部位,( )导子放在阿是穴、肾俞、命门、腰眼等相应的治疗穴位上。中药以散寒活血祛瘀止痛为主,将川乌头、天南星、生半夏、乳香、没药、独活、马钱子、红花等混合研成粉状,加入体积分数为0.75的乙醇搅拌成糊状,用沙布制成直径约15cm饼状态物,敷于患处,6～12d为1个疗程。④治疗结束后,对所有队员1年的训练过程制定预防腰背肌筋膜炎的有效措施,即训练中加强腰背部肌肉力量和伸展性;通过温热式低周波治疗器 推拿按摩促进腰背部肌肉筋膜的放松及疲劳恢复;训练中采用肌肉牵伸性练习,注意避免牵拉过度;建立急性运动损伤档案,尽量减少急性损伤转变为慢性损伤的可能性。结果:①腰背肌筋膜炎的患病率:烟台队22名坐式排球运动员中,10名存在腰背肌筋膜炎损伤,患病率45.5%,损伤部位集中在腰背部和颈部。②腰背肌筋膜炎损伤治疗结果:采用日本温热式低周波治疗器 外敷中药治疗一两个疗程后效果良好,10名腰背肌筋膜炎损伤运动员中9名痊愈,治愈率90%。③采取预防措施后运动员腰背肌筋膜炎的发生情况:训练中采取预防措施,1年后22名坐式排球运动员腰背肌筋膜炎损伤得到明显控制,腰背肌筋膜炎患病率为29.3%,与治疗预防前比较下降16.2%,效果显著。结论:坐式排球运动损伤部位集中在腰背部和颈部,腰背肌筋膜炎是常发病。针对发病原因及时治疗并给予有效预防措施,可明显降低腰背肌筋膜炎损伤发生率,对其运动训练能力和比赛成绩的提高均具有积极意义。     

Evaluation of thyroglobulin expression in murine reproductive organs during pregnancy

Citation Moravej A, Jeddi‐Tehrani M, Salek‐Moghaddam AR, Dokouhaki P, Ghods R, Rabbani H, Kazemi‐Sefat GE, Shahbazi M, Zarnani AH. Evaluation of thyroglobulin expression in murine reproductive organs during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 97–103 Problem In pregnant women with antithyroglobulin antibody, prevalence of abortion is 2–4 fold higher compared to normal controls. Direct effect of such harmful autoantibodies on female reproductive organs may serve a role in pregnancy loss. Method of study Expression of thyroglobulin in decidua, placenta, and ovary of pregnant Balb/c mice ((Balb/c×Balb/c and Balb/c×C57BL/6) during early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Expression of thyroglobulin was investigated in these tissues by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. In addition, polyclonal antithyroglobulin antibody was produced, and expression of thyroglobulin protein in aforesaid tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and dot‐blot analysis. Results The results showed that thyroglobulin message is not expressed in placenta, decidua, or ovary in any stages of pregnancy. The same results were obtained at the protein level. Conclusion It is likely that antithyroglobulin antibodies have no direct detrimental effect on such organs in patients with thyroid autoimmunity suffering from recurrent abortion.