Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the water environment of Zhalong Wetland,China

Concentrations of the Cu, Cd, Cr, As, Zn and Ni in water samples from 272 sampling stations in the water environment of Zhalong Wetland, China were studied. Health risk assessment associated with six heavy metals and metalloid was conducted using health risk assessment model from United States Environmental Protection Agency. It can be concluded that the mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Cd and Cu were 0.19, 0.45, 0.52, 4.9, 0.12 and 0.24 μg L^?1, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of Cr, As and Cd in the discharged area, experimental area, buffer area and core area were lower than the maximum allowance risk level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 5.0 × 10^?5 a^?1). The non-carcinogenic risks (Cu, Zn, Ni) was also lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. Though it was lower than the level, it was very approaching to maximum acceptable risk level, need to draw attention to the relevant departments.     

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of toxic heavy metals and metalloid in surface water of lakes in Daqing Heilongjiang Province,China

It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations and risk in surface water for understanding the heavy metal contaminations and for sustainable protection of ecosystems and human health. To investigate the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulation surrounding an industrial city in China, the concentrations of six heavy metals, including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) were examined; from four different regions of Daqing in autumn 2011 and winter 2012. The results showed heavy metals distributed in the industrial area at concentrations relatively higher than those in other three areas, while concentrations in the farming area and the protected area were lower. The heavy metal concentrations of water bodies in all areas, except those for Hg and As, Cu, Pb and Cr were lower than the cutoff values for the Class I water quality that was set as the highest standard to protect the national nature reserves. While Hg and As of lakes in industry region had a higher level than those in the agriculture and landscape water, the lowest allowed. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in winter were higher than in the autumn. Cu had a higher ecological risks level to freshwater organisms. The discharge of urban sewage and industrial wastewater might be a major pollutant source, thus these sources should identified before remediation efforts. Efforts are needed to protect the lakes from pollution and also to reduce environmental health risks. This study and the valuable data will pave the way for future research on these Lakes in Daqing.     

基于计算机辅助药物设计的石荠苧抗流感药效物质多靶向作用研究简

目的 探讨石荠苧抗流感药效物质的多靶向作用机制.方法 以石荠苧中化学成分5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮及其衍生物（MF1,MF2,MF3）为候选药物,采用计算机辅助药物设计方法研究其与流感血凝素蛋白（HA）、流感神经氨酸酶（NA）、炎症靶点环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和炎症靶点磷酸二酯酶4（PDE4）受体的对接程度.结果 在各候选药物与相关蛋白的对接中,木犀草素与HA活性位点的匹配度最高;鼠李柠檬素与NA和PDE4活性位点的匹配度最高;槲皮素与COX-2活性位点的匹配度最高;其中MF1,MF2,MF3也均表现出不同程度的匹配.结论 石荠苧中化学成分与流感病毒蛋白靶点和炎症相关蛋白靶点具有一定的结合和抑制效应,从而具多靶向抗流感病毒作用.     

后路椎弓根内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗腰椎结核的临床效果

目的探讨后路椎弓根内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗腰椎结核的临床效果。方法2005年6月至2013年6月北京老年医院接受腰椎结核治疗的患者128例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（常规前路或后路手术）和观察组（后路椎弓根内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合手术）,每组64例。比较2组的手术时间、出血量、住院时间和术后1、3个月的红细胞沉降率。结果观察组手术时间、出血量、住院时间和术后1、3个月的红细胞沉降率分别为（201±16）min、（874±89）ml、（15．6±3.1）d、（26．5±3．1）mm／1h、（10．1±2．2）mm／1h;对照组分别为（130±13）min、（604±45）ml、（24．2±2．1）d、（27．8±2．1）mm／1h、（12．3±1．9）mm／1h。对照组手术时间,出血量少于观察组（均P〈0．05）。观察组术后12个月Cobb角优于对照组（10．2°±1．9°比12．8°±1．7°）,骨融合率优于对照组[98．4％（63／64）比87．5％（56／64）],复发率低于对照组[1．6％（1／64）比12．5％（8／64）],差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论后路椎弓根内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合手术具有术后恢复快、矫正角度丢失少、植骨融合快、复发率低。     

高浓度葡萄糖对人腹膜间皮细胞生长和基质合成的影响

持续性不卧床腹膜透析（ＣＡＰＤ）时腹膜间皮层直接浸泡于含葡萄糖１．５０％～４．２５％的透析液中，为了探讨高浓度葡萄糖对腹膜间皮细胞生长和基质合成的影响，我们建立了人腹膜间皮细胞（ＨＭＣ）培养体系。ＨＭＣ在含葡萄糖浓度≥１．００％的培养基中生长时，￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量较在０．１０％或不加葡萄糖的培养基中生长时明显降低。当介质中葡萄糖浓度≥０．５０％时ＨＭＣ培养上清的纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）水平明显增高。葡萄糖引起的细胞增殖抑制和ＦＮ分泌增加均呈时间与剂量依赖关系。用甘露醇代替葡萄糖进行试验得到相似结果，但其抑制细胞增殖的作用明显弱于相同渗量的葡萄搪。上述结果表明，周围介质中高浓度的葡萄糖对ＨＭＣ生长和基质合成具有直接影响。反复或长期使用高糖透析液引起的ＨＭＣ修复和代谢障碍可能参与了ＣＡＰＤ相关性腹膜硬化的发生。     

Effect of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha on acute severe hepatitis in mouse models

AIM:To study the effect of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis induced by TNF-alpha on the pathogenesis of acute severe hepatitis (ASH).METHODS:The model of ASH was prepared in D-galactosamine (GalN) sensitized BALB/c mice by injection of either endotoxin (ET) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha. Morphological changes of apoptotic hepatocytes were studied by both light and electron microscope and in site end labeling method (ISEL). Molecular biological changes of DNA ladder were observed by electrophoresis of extract from liver tissues. Biochemical changes were measured by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and TNF-alpha. The relation between apoptosis and necrosis was evaluated simultaneously.RESULTS:The sequence of hepatocyte apoptosis, necrosis, and final death from ASH was observed both in GalN/ET and GalN/TNF-alpha group. Apoptosis was prominent at 3.5h and 6h after injection of inducer, while necrosis became dominant at 9h after challenge. The appearance of apoptosis was earlier in GalN/TNF-alpha group than that in GalN/ET group. Pretreatment of mice with antiTNF IgG1 may completely prevent the liver injury induced by GalN/ET.CONCLUSION:TNF-alpha can cause liver amage by inducing hepatic apoptosis and necrosis in mice with endotoxemia.     

Development of 39 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata and cross-amplification in other eel species

In this study, we have developed microsatellite markers for the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) from expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences using next-generation sequencing. Consequently, a total of 39 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified in 32 individuals from Wangquan River wild population area. The range of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.044–1.000, 0.285–0.946 and 0.3783–0.9016, respectively. In addition, eight loci were deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and modified by Bonferroni correction, and the results showed no significant linkage disequilibrium between the locus pair. The amplification of cross-species was conducted in Anguilla bicolor pacifica and Anguilla japonica, which revealed the applicability of EST-SSR primers. These EST-SSR markers can provide sufficient polymorphism for population genetic studies, pedigree and genome mapping of these three kinds of closely related eels.     

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure

Objective：To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.Methods：Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps.Afterwards,a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.Results：All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection.Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex,which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy.All the incisions healed without other complications.At six-month follow-up,the patients regained full shoulder function.Conclusion：With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap,the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar.It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.     

泛素化及自噬参与蛋白降解及抗原提呈的研究进展

细胞内所有的蛋白质都在不断的被降解,并被新合成的蛋白质所取代。真核细胞内主要有两条蛋白降解途径,分别为泛素一蛋白酶体系统途径和白噬途径,两条途径都在维持细胞内稳态方面起着重要的作用。泛素-蛋白酶体系统是由泛素介导的一种高度复杂的蛋白降解机制,它通过一种特定的方式降解并再循环利用细胞内的蛋白,而自噬是一种自我降解过程,它通过溶酶体介导的方式降解蛋白。被降解的蛋白可以被提呈至MHCⅡ类分子或MHCⅠ类分子,从而激发有效的T细胞反应。此文就这两个途径参与蛋白降解及抗原提呈的相关研究进展进行综述。     

Definitive chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin for elder patients with locally advanced squamous cell esophageal cancer

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or sequential chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) with capecitabine and cisplatin for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

A total of 75 patients elder than 65 years with histologically proven stage II–III ESCC were enrolled, in whom 40 patients were treated with CCRT consisted of two cycles of intravenous cisplatin and oral capecitabine during and after radiotherapy and 35 patients were treated with SCRT as two cycles of capecitabine plus cisplatin before and after radiotherapy. Response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival and toxicity were compared.

Results

The overall response rate (CR + PR) in the CCRT group (91.6 %) was significantly higher than that in the SCRT group (67.7 %), P = 0.023. The median PFS and median OS were significantly higher in CCRT group (19.7 and 33.6 months) than those in SCRT group (11.6 and 15.7 months), P < 0.05. The acute toxic effect was more severe in the CCRT group than in the SCRT group, but the grade 3–4 acute toxicities were similar in two groups.

Conclusions

It suggested that both CCRT and SCRT with capecitabine and cisplatin are tolerable and effective for elderly patients with locally advanced ESCC. Concurrent CRT might be superior to SCRT.