Intermittent Fasting: Potential Bridge of Obesity and Diabetes to Health?

Obesity has been an escalating worldwide health problem for decades, and it is likely a risk factor of prediabetes and diabetes. Correlated with obesity, the number of diabetic patients is also remarkable. A modest weight loss (5–10%) is critical to alleviate the risk of any other metabolic disease. Reduced energy intake has been an essential factor for weight loss reduction. As a new behavior intervention to lose weight, intermittent fasting (IF) attracts considerable attention and has become a popular strategy among young people. IF is a diet pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating on a regular schedule, involving various types, mainly Intermittent Energy Restriction and Time-Restricted Fasting. Accumulating evidence shows that short-term IF has a greatly positive effect in animal studies and contributes favorable benefits in human trials as well. Nevertheless, as an emerging, diverse, and relatively premature behavior intervention, there are still limited studies considering patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also a controversial intervention for the treatment of metabolic disease and cancer. The risks and challenges appear consequently. Additionally, whether intermittent fasting can be applied to long-term clinical treatment, and whether it has side effects during the long-term period or not, demands more large-scale and long-term experiments.     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨或联合替吉奥新辅助化疗方案在进展期胃癌治疗中的安全性和有效性

目的:探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨（CapeOX）或奥沙利铂联合替吉奥（SOX）新辅助化疗方案在局部进展期胃癌治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集2016年4月至2019年4月期间,于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院予以新辅助化疗并接受标准腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的进展期胃癌患者的临床资料。病例纳入标准：（1...     

食管心电生理对照动态心电图评估植物神经所致窦房结和房室结功能不全及其预后

目的：探讨食管心电生理及２４小时动态心电图评估植物神经致窦房结和房室结功能不全及其预后。方法：用食管心电生理检测阿托品用药前后各生理参数，对比２４小时动态心电图监测及远期随访。结果：５８例病态窦房结综合征患者依据心电生理及２４小时动态心电图表现分为３型：Ｉ型为窦房结功能抑制型；Ｉ型为房室传导功能减退型；ＩＩ型为双结病变型。ＩＩ型黑或晕厥发生率（７５％）明显高于其它类型。有症状者２４小时动态心电图平均间歇时间２．４２±０．２４秒，显著长于无症状者１．６８±０．１６秒（Ｐ＜０．０１），与窦房结恢复时间存在明显正相关（ｒ＝０．４２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。经４．２±１．２年远期随访，其中６例因病情需要安装永久型起搏器，其后生活质量明显改善，无一例发生持续严重房室传导阻滞。结论：迷走神经是影响窦房结、房室结功能的重要外源性因素，食管心电生理与２４小时动态心电图对病态窦房结综合征的评估具有重要临床价值；起搏治疗可明显改善病态窦房结综合征患者的生活质量，对远期预后影响不大；房室传导阻滞远期发生率小。     

老年急性嗜酸性粒细胞肺炎1例并文献复习

目的 探讨急性嗜酸性粒细胞肺炎的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法 对该患者行经气管肺部灌洗和肺组织活检,并给予糖皮质激素治疗,观察患者肺部影像学变化趋势。结果 经气管肺部灌洗和肺组织活检确诊后,给予糖皮质激素治疗,患者症状明显好转,胸部炎症渗出完全吸收。结论 急性嗜酸性粒细胞肺炎的临床症状不典型,可经气管肺部灌洗和肺组织活检确诊,且糖皮质激素治疗快速有效,一般预后良好。     

Arterial stiffness acute changes following aerobic exercise in males with and without hypertension

While regular exercise exposure is considered the most effective therapy to reduce arterial stiffness, the effect of acute exercise training on arterial stiffness in adults with different blood pressure (BP) levels remains unclear. The authors aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in male with different BP levels. This cross‐sectional study utilized data for 1200 males aged 20–49 years from the Kailuan study cohort who participated in the fifth National Fitness Monitoring project. A total of 940 participants (621 in the non‐hypertensive group and 319 in the hypertensive group) aged 36.82 ± 7.76 who completed a twice‐quantitative cycle ergometer exercise and measure of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at both the baseline and immediately after exercise were included in this study. The baPWV was decreased after acute aerobic exercise in the non‐hypertension and hypertension groups (Δ 40.29 [95% confidence interval [CI], −47.72 to −32.86] vs. Δ20.45 [95% CI, −31.32 to −9.58] cm/s). Participants without hypertension showed a greater decrease in baPWV (Δ 19.84 [95% CI, −33.83 to −5.84] cm/s) than participants with hypertension. Aerobic exercise had an acute positive effect on arterial stiffness. This study provides evidence of a greater reduction in arterial stiffness in individuals without hypertension than in those with hypertension.     

甲状腺内胸腺癌一例

甲状腺内胸腺癌是甲状腺肿瘤的独立病理类型,临床罕见,本文报道一例我院收治的64岁女性患者,因颈部肿块伴呼吸、吞咽困难就诊,术前穿刺结果示：伴胸腺样分化的甲状腺癌。行甲状腺左叶切除+甲状腺右叶大部切除+胸骨后甲状腺病损切除术,术后病理结果示：甲状腺内胸腺癌。术后进行放、化疗,随访6个月,患者生活质量改善。本文通过总结该病...     

疑诊冠心病患者经桡动脉冠脉造影术510例分析

目的　探讨经桡动脉径路行冠脉造影的可行性和安全性。方法　 5 10例临床疑诊为冠心病的患者接受了经桡动脉径路冠脉造影术。结果　 5 0 3例获得成功 ,7例失败 ,其中 3例为穿刺失败 ,1例为桡动脉走行畸形 ,2例是由于无名动脉过于迂曲致导管操作极度困难而失败 ,1例为左锁骨下动脉闭塞。所有病例无严重并发症发生 ,只有 1例于术后发生桡动脉闭塞。结论　桡动脉径路行冠脉造影具有止血容易、病人术后无须长时间卧床和并发症少的优点 ,操作成功率高 ,临床应用安全     

肥胖对中青年人群心脏结构和功能的影响

目的　研究肥胖对我国中青年人群心脏结构和功能的影响。方法　选择 6 7例肥胖者和 2 3名健康者。肥胖者根据体重指数 (BMI)分为三组。采用美国HDI30 0 0彩色多普勒超声心动图仪测量 ,比较各组间心脏结构 (收缩末期左室内径 (LVESD)、舒张末期左室内径 (LVEDD)、室间隔 (IVS)及左室后壁 (LVPW )厚度 ,左室重量 (LVM )和左室重量指数 (LVMI) )和功能 (左室每搏量指数 (SVI) ,射血分数 (EF) ,舒张早期血流充盈峰值流速E、舒张晚期充盈峰值流速A及E/A ,并测量等容舒张时间 (IVRT) )参数。结果　肥胖组同健康组比较 ,LVEDD、LVESD增宽 ,IVS、LVPW增厚 ,LVM、LVMI增加 ,舒张早期充盈峰值流速E降低 ,舒张晚期充盈峰值流速A升高 ,E/A比值降低 ,IVRT延长 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。并随肥胖程度的加重有加重趋势。肥胖组收缩功能参数与健康组比较变化无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。肥胖组体重指数与LVEDD显著正相关 (r =0 37,P <0 0 5 ) ,与LVM显著正相关 (r =0 5 3,P <0 0 5 ) ,与E/A峰速度比值显著负相关 (r =- 0 2 7,P <0 0 5 )。结论　肥胖可引起中青年人群心脏肥大 ,使中青年人群心脏舒张功能下降 ,并随肥胖程度而加重。     

颈动脉硬化的磁共振血管成像技术分析

目的 分析磁共振血管成像显示颈动脉硬化的表现、技术。方法 对50例病人进行对比增强磁共振血管造影(CE-MRA)检查,部分同时接受颈动脉非增强磁共振血管造影(2D-TOF-MRA)检查,研究影像表现。结果 CE-MRA排除了4支在2D-TOF-MRA上显示为狭窄的颈动脉,对9支2D-TDF-MRA显示为正常的颈动脉诊断为轻度狭窄,另外发现了2处在2D-TOF-MRA上由于超出了扫描视野而未被显示的狭窄颈动脉。结论 MRA是能够精确显示颈动脉的非侵人性检查方法。CE-MRA显示血管狭窄较2D-TOF敏感和准确,能够提供更为满意的血管形态学资料。     

国产COSTANT冠状动脉支架治疗重症冠心病的远期疗效观察

目的评价国产COSTANT冠脉支架治疗重症冠心病的安全性和远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2001-03～2003-08沈阳军区总医院和广州省人民医院2个心脏中心应用COSTANT冠脉支架治疗71例重症冠心病者即刻疗效和2年随访结果。结果共置入COSTANT支架86枚，其他支架58枚，手术成功率均为100％。院内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）共3例（其中死亡2例、1例支架内发生亚急性血栓）。69例失访6例（随访率91．3％），63例随访21～26个月中4例死亡，21例行冠脉造影复查（占30．4％），8例发生再狭窄（RS）（COSTANT支架4例，其他支架3例，1例COSTANT和其他支架均RS并死亡），5例出现新生病变。COSTANT支架RS率为7．9％（5／63）、MACE发生率12．7％（8／63）。结论2年的长期随访结果表明国产COSTANT冠状动脉支架可安全用于重症冠心病介入治疗，且长期疗效较好。