非嵌合性抗癌药物队小牛胸腺DNA拓扑异构酶I活力的影响

本文介绍从小牛胸腺中分离纯化DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ(简称拓扑酶Ⅰ)的方法,并用于检测了几种非嵌合性抗癌药物对该酶活力的影响。实验结果表明,一些已知的抗癌药物确有抑制DNA拓扑酶Ⅰ的作用。以抑制DNA拓扑酶Ⅰ为检测指标的方法可为筛选抗癌药物提供新的手段,并为药物抗癌机制的研究开辟了新的途径。     

中药抗HIV的有效活性成分的研究进展

0 引言 艾滋病又称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征（Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndroma,AIDS）,是继癌症之后严重威胁人类健康和生存的一种传染性疾病．据联合国艾滋病规划署2008-07-29发布的报告,目前全球约有3300多万人感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）．在我国,艾滋病流行形势也十分严峻．引起艾滋病的病原体是人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immuno—deficiency Virus,HIV）,或称为艾滋病病毒．HIV侵入人体后主要破坏人体的免疫系统,使人体发生多种难以治愈的感染和肿瘤,     

Termination of Pregnancy in First Trimester - Medical Option

Background

The objective of this study was to confirm the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate and misoprostol or misoprostol alone for abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation.

Methods

A group of volunteer patients desiring MTP with gestations up to 84 days (12 weeks) were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients with gestation up to 56 days were further subdivided as (a) Patients who received methotrexate 50 mg IM + misoprostol 800 gms intravaginal and (b) patients who only received 800 gms of misoprostol. Group 2 included the patients who were 8-12 weeks pregnant and they received same treatment as group 1 (b). Outcome measures assessed included successful abortion (complete abortion without need for surgery), side effects, decrease in hemoglobin and mean duration of vaginal bleeding.

Results

Complete abortion occurred in 36 (90%) of 40 patients in group 1 (a), 10 (67%) of 15 patients in group 1(b) and 29 (83%) of 35 patients in group 2. There were only 2 patients with clinically significant decrease in hemoglobin, but none required transfusions. Vaginal bleeding lasted 15 ± 6 days in group 1 (a), 16 ± 6 days in group 1(b) and 16 ± 5 days in group 2. All the patients stopped bleeding when endometrial thickness was < 5mm. Five percent women had stomatitis after methotrexate and 44% patients had fever with chills after misoprostol administration.

Conclusion

Considering the low cost and availability of methotrexate and misoprostol, these drugs constitute a good alternative for medical abortion. They are safe and effective.Key Words: Methotrexate, Misoprostol, MTP, Induced abortion     

可溶性抗HAV抗体Fab片段的原核表达

0　引言　甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV)是危害人类健康的致病原之一 ,目前已有多种用于接触前预防的甲肝疫苗 ;但对于接触后预防或短期到 HAV高流行区的旅游者的预防 ,则多采用免疫球蛋白作被动免疫 .在接触后 (14d内 )和潜伏期早期 ,注射免疫球蛋白预防甲肝的有效率达 85 %左右 .血源性免疫球蛋白虽然效价高 ,应用效果好 ,但可能被血源病原体污染 .因此基因工程人源抗体有望成为接触后预防的首选制剂 .我们从人源噬菌体抗体组合文库中筛选到一株甲肝特异性抗体 [1 ] ,在此基础上构建了可溶性表达载体 ,并获得可溶性表达 ,为该抗体的进一步研究打…     

Substitutions and deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of the phagocytic receptor Fc gamma RIIA: effect on receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and phagocytosis [published erratum appears in Blood 1994 Nov 1;84(9):3252]

Fc gamma RIIA in the absence of other Fc receptors or receptor subunits induces the ingestion of IgG-coated cells. The cytoplasmic domain of Fc gamma RIIA contains two Y-x-x-L sequences similar to those in other Ig gene family receptors plus an additional tyrosine residue not in a Y-x- x-L motif. Upon cross-linking, Fc gamma RIIA is phosphorylated on tyrosine and the cytoplasmic tyrosines, Y275 (Y1), Y282 (Y2), and Y298 (Y3), may be important for its phagocytic activity. Because COS-1 cells can serve as a model for examining molecular structures involved in phagocytosis, substitutions and deletions were introduced into the cytoplasmic domain of Fc gamma RIIA and examined in COS-1 cell transfectants for their effects on phagocytosis and tyrosine phosphorylation. Disruption of a single cytoplasmic Y-x-x-L motif by substitution of tyrosine Y2 or Y3 by phenylalanine or by removing the threonine and leucine residues within the motif inhibited phagocytosis 50% to 65%. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RIIA also was inhibited, although to a greater extent by the substitution of Y3 than of Y2. Replacement of the N-terminal first cytoplasmic domain tyrosine, Y1, which is not within a typical Y-x-x-L, by itself did not inhibit phagocytosis, but replacement of Y1 in mutants lacking Y2 or Y3 virtually eliminated phagocytic activity and receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, at least two cytoplasmic tyrosines, including at least one typical single Y-x-x-L motif, are required for phagocytosis by Fc gamma RIIA. The data suggest that there is a close but not a simple relationship between phosphorylation of the Fc gamma RIIA cytoplasmic tyrosines and Fc gamma RIIA-mediated phagocytosis. Y3 appears to be particularly important because its removal by truncation or replacement with phenylalanine inhibits both tyrosine phosphorylation and phagocytosis in parallel. Alterations in the 12 residue proline-containing sequence between the two Y-x-x-L motifs also reduced phagocytic activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, the specific structure of the Fc gamma RIIA cytoplasmic domain accounts for its ability to stimulate phagocytosis in the absence of other subunits.     

载瘤动脉痉挛状态下栓塞脑动脉瘤18例

1 临床资料唐都医院神经外科在2004-02/2004-05间用电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗了颅内动脉瘤患者共46例,其中存在载瘤动脉痉挛18 (男 6,女12)例,年龄17～65岁,平均42岁,均以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血为首发症状,临床表现为头痛、呕吐、颈强.伴有意识障碍者8例;肢体功能障碍者3例;1例后交通动脉瘤伴有动眼神经麻痹.术前Hess-Hunt分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级1例. 全部病例均DSA造影检查确诊存在颅内动脉瘤及载瘤动脉痉挛.其中前交通动脉瘤11例,后交通动脉瘤4例,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤1例.全部病例均用电解弹簧圈栓塞.术后常规腰穿放出血性脑脊液,应用钙拮抗剂,静脉应用罂粟碱2 wk,同时高脑灌注压,高血容量,低血黏度等综合治疗.     

SHOULDER DYSTOCIA : OBSTETRICIAN'S NIGHTMARE

Shoulder dystocia is an uncommon complication of delivery. 12 cases of shoulder dystocia are presented. The study suggests that prediction of shoulder dystocia on the basis of clinical profile is difficult A high index of suspicion is to be maintained in the presence of certain risk factors such as multigravida with large baby having prolonged 1^st (decelarative phase) and 2^nd stage of labour necessitating instrumental delivery. High neonatal morbidity (brachial palsy 44% and low Apgar score 44%) was found to be associated with shoulder dystocia. Among the manoeuvres used for the delivery of impacted shoulder, no neonatal injuries were associated with successful McRoberts manoeuvre. However, the success rate of the procedure was only 50%. Fundal pressure in absence of other manoeuvres resulted in 100% complication rate, hence should be condemned.KEY WORDS: Brachial palsy, McRoberts manoeuvre, Shoulder dystocia     

膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣的体外加速疲劳实验

目的:测试膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣的体外耐久性。方法:实验于2004-11/2005-06在湖南心脏研究所完成。符合GB12279-90标准。疲劳实验前后进行体外脉动流流体力学实验。实验在20℃恒温条件下进行,采用生理盐水作为实验液体。以TH-2200型瓣膜体外加速疲劳寿命实验台对6个膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣进行体外加速疲劳实验,总计4亿次,实验中每2500万次停机检查1次,每5000万次测量腱索长度。实验结束时观察瓣膜的大体情况。以TH-1200型人工心脏瓣膜体外脉动流试验台测试瓣膜于疲劳实验前后的流体力学参数,并进行对比,以测试膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣的耐久性。结果:①瓣膜大体观察:6个膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣在每个周期的循环中均能够完全开放与闭合,每个膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣的腱索均处于张紧状态,瓣膜大小瓣间对合严密,无肉眼可见的缝隙。②腱索长度变化:腱索长度随时间(实验次数)的增加而增加,但增加速度逐渐减慢,0.5亿次时平均增加(0.795±0.037)mm,1亿次时增加(0.587±0.044)mm,以后增加缓慢,不超过(0.168±0.021)mm。由实验开始到结束时各腱索总计增加长度均值为1.86mm。总体上随时间变化腱索增长差异有显著性意义(F=5025.909,P=0.000)。腱索长度增加各腱索间差异无显著性意义(F=2.119,P=0.067)。③平均跨瓣压差:疲劳实验后平均跨瓣压差略高于实验前,差异无显著性意义[分别为(4.540±1.846),(4.498±1.430)mmHg,F=0.013,P=0.912]。④瓣膜有效开口面积:疲劳实验后瓣膜有效开口面积略高于实验前,差异无显著性意义[分别为(2.633±1.077),(2.474±1.074)cm2,F=0.651,P=0.427]。⑤瓣膜反流量:疲劳实验后瓣膜反流量低于实验前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(1.291±1.028),(2.128±1.250)mL,F=8.606,P=0.007]。⑥瓣膜反流率:疲劳实验后瓣膜反流率低于实验前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(3.491±2.998)%,(5.147±1.736)%,F=5.849,P=0.023]。结论:膨体聚四氟乙烯人工二尖瓣具有良好的体外耐久性及流体力学特性。