收费全文 | 4285945篇 |
免费 | 333912篇 |
国内免费 | 15262篇 |
耳鼻咽喉 | 59680篇 |
儿科学 | 136728篇 |
妇产科学 | 113058篇 |
基础医学 | 659224篇 |
口腔科学 | 115749篇 |
临床医学 | 386895篇 |
内科学 | 772417篇 |
皮肤病学 | 107041篇 |
神经病学 | 354126篇 |
特种医学 | 166013篇 |
外国民族医学 | 504篇 |
外科学 | 656011篇 |
综合类 | 123696篇 |
现状与发展 | 23篇 |
一般理论 | 2582篇 |
预防医学 | 358012篇 |
眼科学 | 101002篇 |
药学 | 300784篇 |
27篇 | |
中国医学 | 11975篇 |
肿瘤学 | 209572篇 |
2021年 | 56017篇 |
2020年 | 35613篇 |
2019年 | 58558篇 |
2018年 | 74013篇 |
2017年 | 56543篇 |
2016年 | 62602篇 |
2015年 | 75625篇 |
2014年 | 110066篇 |
2013年 | 175175篇 |
2012年 | 123036篇 |
2011年 | 128793篇 |
2010年 | 126000篇 |
2009年 | 127006篇 |
2008年 | 114740篇 |
2007年 | 122408篇 |
2006年 | 130917篇 |
2005年 | 125827篇 |
2004年 | 125996篇 |
2003年 | 116194篇 |
2002年 | 105418篇 |
2001年 | 153819篇 |
2000年 | 148813篇 |
1999年 | 137824篇 |
1998年 | 71176篇 |
1997年 | 66937篇 |
1996年 | 64687篇 |
1995年 | 59953篇 |
1994年 | 54041篇 |
1993年 | 50292篇 |
1992年 | 98502篇 |
1991年 | 95103篇 |
1990年 | 91287篇 |
1989年 | 89154篇 |
1988年 | 82308篇 |
1987年 | 80748篇 |
1986年 | 75967篇 |
1985年 | 75002篇 |
1984年 | 62977篇 |
1983年 | 56542篇 |
1982年 | 46526篇 |
1981年 | 43487篇 |
1980年 | 40844篇 |
1979年 | 54371篇 |
1978年 | 44705篇 |
1977年 | 39431篇 |
1976年 | 36763篇 |
1975年 | 37002篇 |
1974年 | 40274篇 |
1973年 | 38548篇 |
1972年 | 36120篇 |
Introduction
The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.Methods
Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.Results
Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.Discussion and conclusion
This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice. 相似文献Background and aims
Since accelerated atherosclerosis has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are needed. Among non-traditional risk factors, bone mineral density (BMD) has been related to CVD. However, its role in SLE remains controversial. This study aims to analyze the associations of subclinical atherosclerosis with traditional and non-traditional CV risk factors.Methods and results
In a cross-sectional study, atherosclerosis burden was compared between 112 female SLE patients and 31 controls. Plaque number and carotid intima-media wall thickness (cIMT) were assessed by ultrasonography. In a retrospective study, BMD determinations obtained 5-years before the ultrasonography assessment were analyzed in a subgroup of 62 patients. Plaque frequency was increased in SLE, even in patients without CV events or carotid wall thickening. cIMT was increased in patients with CVD, positively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Interestingly, a paradoxical effect of BMI on carotid parameters was observed. Whereas underweight patients (BMI < 20) showed increased prevalence of carotid plaques with low cIMT, those with BMI > 30 showed higher cIMT and plaque burden. Overweight patients (25 < BMI<30) exhibited both elevated cIMT and plaque number. BMI was an independent predictor of BMD. In our retrospective study, patients with either clinical or subclinical CVD exhibited lower BMD levels than their CV-free counterparts. A low lumbar spine BMD independently predicted CVD development after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion
SLE was associated with a higher subclinical atherosclerosis burden, a bimodal effect being observed for BMI. Decreased BMD can be a CV risk biomarker in SLE. 相似文献Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of discharge records from the National Inpatient Sample database for patients receiving allo-HSCT between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Allo-HSCT discharges with an aGVHD diagnosis were included in the aGVHD group and those without any graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) diagnosis comprised the non-GVHD group. Mortality, LOS and costs were compared between the two groups, as well as within subgroups, including age (<18 vs. ≥18 years) and survival status (alive vs. deceased) at discharge.
Results: Overall, mortality (16.2% vs. 5.3%; p?<?.01), median hospital LOS (42.0 vs. 26.0 days; p?<?.01) and median total costs ($173,144 vs. $98,982; p?<?.01) were significantly increased in patients with aGVHD versus those without GVHD during hospitalizations for allo-HSCT, irrespective of age group. Patients with aGVHD who were <18 years of age had a lower mortality rate but greater hospital LOS and total costs versus patients aged ≥18 years. Patients who died during allo-HSCT hospitalization had longer LOS and incurred greater costs than those who survived in both the aGVHD and non-GVHD groups.
Conclusion: Occurrence of aGVHD during allo-HSCT admissions resulted in a tripling of the mortality rate and a near doubling of hospital LOS and total costs. In addition, death during allo-HSCT hospitalizations was associated with greater healthcare utilization and costs. Effectively mitigating aGVHD may improve survival and substantially reduce hospital LOS and costs for allo-HSCT. 相似文献