Characterization of skin blister fluids from children with Epstein–Barr virus‐associated lymphoproliferative disease

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated T‐ or natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic proliferation of EBV‐infected lymphocytes. Patients may present with severe skin manifestations, including hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) and hydroa vacciniforme (HV)‐like eruption, which are characterized by blister formation and necrotic ulceration. Skin biopsy specimens show inflammatory reactions comprising EBV‐infected lymphocytes. However, blister fluids have not been fully assessed in patients with this disease. Blister fluids were collected from three patients with EBV‐associated LPD: two with HMB and one with HV. Immunophenotyping of blister lymphocytes and measurement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in blister fluids were performed. The patients with HMB and HV exhibited markedly increased percentages of NK and γδ T cells, respectively, in both peripheral blood and blister fluids. These NK and γδ T cells strongly expressed the activation marker human leukocyte antigen‐DR and were considered to be cellular targets of EBV infections. TNF‐α was highly elevated in all blister fluids. Severe local skin reactions of EBV‐associated LPD may be associated with infiltrating EBV‐infected lymphocytes and a high TNF‐α concentration in blister fluids.     

A case of adult-onset Still’s disease complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with retinal microangiopathy and rapidly fatal cerebral edema

We present a patient who had adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) that resulted in retinal microangiopathy and rapidly fatal cerebral edema. The patient was a 37-year-old male who developed fever, eruption, arthritis and hepatic dysfunction, that, based on close examination, was diagnosed as AOSD. Despite treatment with corticosteroids, the patient developed acute visual field defect, neurological deterioration including convulsions and impaired consciousness, as well as acute renal failure that ultimately resulted in death. Pathological examination of autopsy specimens revealed multiple fibrin thrombi disseminated in small vessels of the brain and kidney, which was consistent with TTP, along with marked cerebral edema. Although TTP has rarely been reported in association with AOSD, awareness of the possible coexistence of these two diseases is important for diagnosis and treatment.     

Effect of estrogen on rat placental development depending on gestation stage

We examined the sequential histopathological changes in the placenta from rats exposed to estrogen. 17 β-estrogiol-3-benzoate was intraperitoneally administered at 100 μg/animal/day during GD 6 to GD 8 (GD6–8 treated group), GD 9 to GD 11 (GD9–11 treated group) and GD 12 to GD 14 (GD12–14 treated group), and the placentas were sampled on GDs 11, 13, 15, 17, and 21. Fetal mortality rates were increased up to approximately 50% in the GD6–8 and 9–11 treated groups, but there was no change of fetal weight on GD 21. An increase in placental weight and a reduction in fetal/placental weight ratio were detected during GD 17 to GD 21 in the GD6–8 treated group. Histopathologically, hypoplasia of metrial gland was detected with defective development of spiral arteries in the GD6–8 and GD9–11 treated groups. A decrease in the thickness of metrial gland was observed from GD 11 onwards in the GD6–8 treated group and from GD 13 onwards in the GD9–11 treated group. The endovascular trophoblasts invaded into the spiral arteries in the deep part of metrial gland in these treated groups. The number of phospho-histone H3 positive cells was decreased on GD 11 or GD 13 in these groups. In the decidua basalis, transitory necrosis was observed with hemorrhage on GD 13 in the GD6–8 and GD9–11 treated groups. In the labyrinth zone, cystic dilatation of the sinusoid was observed with congestion in the GD6–8 treated group, resulting in an increased placental weight. Therefore, we consider that estrogen inhibits the proliferation of decidualized endometrial stromal cells in the metrial gland, and leads to metrial gland hypoplasia with less development of the spiral arteries. The reduced utero-placental blood flow is supposed to be one of the important factors for poor reproductive performance.     

A structural equation model relating oral condition,denture quality,chewing ability,satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life in complete denture wearers

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between mandibular ridge form, stability and retention of mandibular complete denture, accuracy of jaw relation recording, patients’ perception of chewing ability, satisfaction with dentures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in complete denture wearers.MethodsA total of 183 edentulous patients, who visited the Dental Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University for new complete dentures, were recruited. Oral examination was performed. Cawood and Howell's method was used to grade the mandibular ridge form. The stability and retention of the mandibular complete denture were assessed using Kapur method. Accuracy of jaw relation recording was evaluated using a newly developed jaw relation index. Patients’ perception of chewing ability was rated using a food intake questionnaire. Patients’ satisfaction with complete dentures was assessed on a 100-mm visual analogue scale. OHRQoL was measured using the Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous subjects. A structural equation model was constructed based on the hypothesis that oral condition and denture quality would be related to chewing ability, satisfaction and OHRQoL.ResultsSignificant relationships were found between mandibular ridge form, stability of mandibular complete denture, accuracy of jaw relation recording, perceived chewing ability, satisfaction and OHRQoL. Various fit indices were within acceptable limits.ConclusionsOral condition and denture quality were related to patients’ perception of chewing ability, satisfaction with dentures and OHRQoL in complete denture wearers.Clinical significanceA favourable oral condition and denture quality are important for successful complete denture therapy.     

Hybrid approach with laparoscopic wall-inversion surgery and single-incision intragastric surgery for intraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report

Laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) for intraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) leads to excessive resection of normal gastric wall. We report a case of GIST around the cardia successfully treated with full-thickness partial resection using a hybrid approach of laparoscopic surgery and single-incision intragastric surgery (SIIGS). A 69-year-old woman had a 5 cm intraluminal GIST at the posterior wall around the cardia. Submucosal injection of glycerin and indigo carmine was performed with transoral endoscopy. Circumferential seromuscular incision followed by placement of seromuscular sutures to invert the lesion into the stomach was performed under laparoscopy. By SIIGS, resection of the inverted mucosa and retrieval of the tumor were completed. A hybrid approach consisting of laparoscopic wall-inversion surgery and SIIGS was useful for intraluminal GIST and may expand the indications for laparoscopic wall-inversion surgery by removing size limitations.     

Biologics in combination with chemotherapy for gastric cancer: is this the answer?

Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be a significant problem worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer death. Armamentarium to treat GC whether it is potentially curable or metastatic (incurable) has changed little over the last decades with only two new agents being approved (trastuzumab and ramucirumab). Many relatively healthy patients after second-line therapy have limited and generally ineffective options. The recent The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis has uncovered four genotypes of GC; however, it is not sufficient to change our treatment strategies and more work needs to be done. The popular front-line regimen containing a platinum compound and a fluoropyrimidine is widely used for drug development and has worked well globally. Thus, this combination appears suitable for adding a biologic agent. The search for new classes of cytotoxics has almost stopped, but it is clear that cytotoxic therapy continues to contribute and it is here to stay. Biologic agents that modulate the immune system of the host appear promising along with many other biologics that can potentially inhibit signaling pathways that are often employed by GC cells. We will briefly describe the efforts that have targeted EGFR, mTOR, angiogenesis and MET pathways.     

The melatonin metabolite N1‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine facilitates long‐term object memory in young and aging mice

Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to enhance cognitive processes, making it a potential treatment for cognitive decline. However, the role of MEL’s metabolites, N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK), in these effects are unknown. The current study directly investigated the acute effects of systemic MEL, AFMK, and AMK on novel object recognition. We also analyzed MEL, AFMK, and AMK levels in hippocampus and temporal lobe containing the perirhinal cortex following systemic MEL and AMK treatment. AMK administered post‐training had a more potent effect on object memory than MEL and AFMK. AMK was also able to rescue age‐associated declines in memory impairments when object memory was tested up to 4 days following training. Results from administering AMK at varying times around the training trial and the metabolism time course in brain tissue suggest that AMK’s memory‐enhancing effects reflect memory consolidation. Furthermore, inhibiting the MEL‐to‐AMK metabolic pathway disrupted object memory at 24 hours post‐training, suggesting that endogenous AMK might play an important role in long‐term memory formation. This is the first study to report that AMK facilitates long‐term object memory performance in mice, and that MEL crosses the blood‐brain barrier and is immediately converted to AMK in brain tissue. Overall, these results support AMK as a potential therapeutic agent to improve or prevent memory decline.     

Cutting efficiency of diamond burs operated with electric high‐speed dental handpiece on zirconia

Zirconia‐based dental restorations are becoming used more commonly. However, limited attention has been given to the difficulties experienced, concerning cutting, in removing the restorations when needed. The aim of the present study was to compare the cutting efficiency of diamond burs, operated using an electric high‐speed dental handpiece, on zirconia (Zir) with those on lithium disilicate glass–ceramic (LD) and leucite glass–ceramic (L). In addition, evaluation of the cutting efficiency of diamond burs on Zir of different thicknesses was performed. Specimens of Zir were prepared with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm, and specimens of LD and L were prepared with a thickness of 1.0 mm. Cutting tests were performed using diamond burs with super coarse (SC) and coarse (C) grains. The handpiece was operated at 150,000 rpm with a cutting force of 0.9 N. The results demonstrated that cutting of Zir took about 1.5‐ and 7‐fold longer than cutting of LD and L, respectively. The SC grains showed significantly higher cutting efficiency on Zir than the C grains. However, when the thickness of Zir increased, the cutting depth was significantly decreased. As it is suggested that cutting of zirconia is time consuming, this should be taken into consideration in advance when working with zirconia restorations.