Injuries to the profunda femoris artery and its branches

Six cases of uncommon profunda femoris artery injury are analyzed. One half of the cases were not treated surgically at the time of injury and resulted in chronic arteriovenous fistulas. Even after operative correction, residual symptoms persisted in two of these three cases. The generous use of arteriography is recommended in cases of proximal thigh penetrating injuries to avoid this problem. Either repair or ligation of the injured vessel yielded the same good results. The postoperative hospital stay was short in all instances, ranging from four to eight days, and there were no deaths.     

Antigen presentation is a function of all B cell subpopulations separated on the basis of size

Purified splenic B cells from nonimmune mice were separated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation into 6 subpopulations containing cells of discrete sizes ranging from 119 to 200 μm³. B cells of each subpopulation were competent to process and present a native globular protein antigen, cytochrome c, to a cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid. In all cases, the B cells' antigen-presenting function was radiation sensitive and did not require T cells or T cell products, since B cells fixed with paraformaldehyde effectively presented a carboxyl-terminal peptide fragment of cytochrome c containing the T cell determinant. Furthermore, the antigen-presenting function of B cells of each subpopulation was augmented by treatment with submitogenic doses of the F(ab')₂ fragment of rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibodies, in that 10-30-fold fewer B cells were required and higher maximal T cell responses were achieved, indicating that B cells of all sizes are capable of being regulated in their antigen presentation function through their surface Ig. In addition, B cells of each subpopulation responded to soluble factors present in the supernatants of activated T cells as evidenced by an increase in volume and by the uptake of [³H]thymidine. These results indicate that B cells, regardless of size, are able to participate in at least two essential phases of T cell-dependent antibody responses, initiating the interaction by processing and presenting antigen to helper T cells and responding to soluble helper factors secreted by activated T cells.     

Cr Migration Potential and Species Properties in the Soil Profile from a Chromate Production Site in the Groundwater Depression Cone Area

The relationship between the migration process and speciation distribution of Cr is important for the risk assessment in the underground environment. In this work, soil columns were collected from the chromate production site, with a 40-year operation, in the groundwater depression cone area of North China plain. The relationship between chromium pollution features and the geochemical properties of soil was established, and the migration risk of Cr(VI) was assessed based on the Nemerow composite index and Hydrus-1D model. The maximum total Cr concentration in the chromium slag dumping site reached 907 mg/kg, and that in the chromate production workshop was more than 200 mg/kg across the depth. The migration of Cr might be accelerated in the soil with abundant Mn (236–1461 mg/kg) but scarce organic matters (<?0.45%). The Hydrus simulation indicated that Cr(VI) would reach a cumulative flux of 300–729 mg/cm² after 50 years.

     

An adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay for detecting the number of living cells]

The method for detecting the number of living cells was studied. Using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, the present authors reported a perfect linear relationship between lg ATP concentrations and lg luminescence counts (r = 0.9963) as well as a relationship between lg number of cells and lg ATP luminescence counts (r = 0.9922). The detectable cells ranged from 10(2) to 10(6) cells/ml, the coefficients of variation 1-3%. This method is simple, accurate and sensitive and has a high reproducibility.     

血浆中 BZ类失能剂的高效液相二极管矩阵检测分析方法的研究

目的：建立血浆中 Ｂ Ｚ类失能剂的高效液相二极管矩阵检测分析方法,为 Ｂ Ｚ类失能剂中毒病人的临床诊断提供分析手段。方法：采用 Ｓｅｐ Ｐａｋ Ｃ１８ 柱固相提取,乙酸乙酯洗脱, Ｒｅｓｏｌｖｅ Ｃ１８ 反相柱分离,０．１２％ 三氟乙酸（ Ｔ Ｆ Ａ）的 ５０％ 甲醇溶液梯度洗脱,二极管矩阵检测器（ Ｄ Ａ Ｄ） 三波长（２２０±４）ｎｍ ,（２５４±４）ｎｍ ,（３００±４）ｎｍ 检测。结果：血浆中 Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ Ｄ Ａ Ｄ 法检测 ４ 种失能剂的线性范围为 ０．１～１．２ μｇ,回收率为６２．７６％ ～９２．２０％ ,标准偏差为 ３．４６％ ～１１．８４％ ,最低检出限为 １００～４００ ｎｇ。流动相中 Ｔ Ｆ Ａ 和甲醇浓度及梯度洗脱是影响分离效果和色谱峰形的主要因素。结论：本文为临床诊断提供简便、快速、灵敏的检测方法,血浆蛋白不干扰测定。４ 种失能剂在血浆中采用 Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ Ｄ Ａ Ｄ 法同时分离测定目前未见报道。     

Oral Caffeine During Voluntary Exercise Markedly Inhibits Skin Carcinogenesis and Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines in UVB-Treated Mice

Ultraviolet B (UVB)-pretreated SKH-1 mice were treated with water, caffeine (0.1 mg/ml), voluntary running wheel exercise (RW) or caffeine together with RW for 14 wk. Treatment of the mice with caffeine, RW, or caffeine plus RW decreased skin tumors per mouse by 27%, 35%, and 62%, respectively, and the tumor volume per mouse was decreased by 61%, 70%, and 85%, respectively. In mechanistic studies, mice were treated with water, caffeine, RW, or caffeine plus RW for 2 wk prior to a single irradiation with UVB. Caffeine plus RW increased RW activity by 22% when compared with RW alone. Caffeine ingestion was not significantly different between groups. Treatment of mice with caffeine plus RW for 2 wk decreased the weight of the parametrial fat pads and stimulated the formation of UVB-induced apoptosis to a greater extent than treatment with caffeine or RW alone. An antibody array revealed that caffeine plus RW administered to mice fed a high-fat diet and irradiated with UVB decreased the epidermal levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine, soluble TNF alpha receptor-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ. Overall, caffeine during RW exerts a stronger effect than either treatment alone for decreasing tissue fat, increasing UVB-induced apoptosis, lowering the levels of cytokines associated with inflammation and for inhibiting UVB-induced carcinogenesis.     

The EPICS Family Bundle and its effects on stress and coping of families of critically Ill trauma patients

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate impact of the EPICS Family Bundle on stress and coping.BackgroundCritical care nurses frequently deal with family stress, but may be without knowledge and skills needed to assist families to cope.MethodsA non-equivalent control group design was used, with a convenience sample of 84 family members of critically ill patients. During the control phase, participants completed tools measuring stress and coping. The intervention included use of the EPICS Family Bundle. After implementation, participants completed the same tools as those administered during the control phase. Outcomes were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests.ResultsThe experimental group had a significantly higher coping score on two subscales; and although not statistically significant, it was also improved on an additional four.ConclusionAfter implementation of the intervention, families experienced improved coping. The study may have lacked sufficient power to detect all differences.