Identifying Risk Drinking in Expectant Fathers

Abstract: Background: Identification of risk drinking in expectant fathers may be helpful as an important part of efforts to minimize maternal alcohol use, and as an opportunity to inform them about a problematic practice during a critical developmental stage for the couple. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the T‐ACE screening questionnaire, which asks about t olerance to alcohol, being a nnoyed by other's comments about drinking, attempts to c ut down, and having a drink first thing in the morning (“ e ye‐opener”), in the male partners of pregnant women who themselves were T‐ACE positive. Methods: Two hundred fifty‐four male partners were asked to complete the T‐ACE embedded in a health survey, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and other questions about their alcohol use in the past 30 days when their pregnant partners had a median gestation of 11.5 weeks (T₁). After delivery, male partners again completed the T‐ACE and quantity‐frequency questions (T₂). The predictive ability of the T‐ACE and AUDIT was compared, using risk drinking (>4 drinks/day or >14 drinks/week) as the criterion standard. Results: A substantial minority of male partners had risk drinking, 31 percent at T₁ and 25 percent at T₂. Although the AUDIT was better than the T‐ACE as an independent predictor of risk drinking, the latter was most accurate when the tolerance threshold exceeded 2 drinks, the same established for pregnant women. The sensitivity (T₁ = 84.6%, T₂ = 82.8%) and specificity (T₁ = 43.8%, T₂ = 51.1%) of the T‐ACE at this threshold compared favorably with those of the AUDIT at the standard cut point of 8. Conclusions: The T‐ACE may be a practical way for clinicians to identify risk drinking in both pregnant women and expectant fathers. (BIRTH 33:2 June 2006)     

Ca~(2+)在大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤中作用的研究

目的 :探讨大鼠胃粘膜与急性胃粘膜损伤之间的关系。方法 :采用原子吸收光谱分析法 ,测定胃粘膜Ca2 +含量。结果 :胃粘膜损伤程度随应激时间延长而加重 ,胃粘膜Ca2 + 含量却下降 ,二者呈明显负相关 ,但是 ,CaCl2 预应激或应用钙通道阻断剂 ,可减轻胃粘膜损伤程度。结论 :Ca2 + 在急性胃粘膜损伤中有一定的作用。     

马尔尼菲青霉病不同类型病变中免疫反应观察

选用２组病变类型不同的６例马尔尼菲青霉病人病变组织，采用免疫组化ＰＡＰ法，观察病变组织中ｌ８淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、乙等免疫指标。结果发现马尔尼菲青霉病的病变类型取决于机体的免疫功能状态，人体抗马尔尼菲青霉免疫以细胞免疫为主，组织中Ｔ细胞的存在对于杀灭真菌、局限病变具有积极意义；体液免疫特别是特异性抗体的出现除具有促进细胞免疫功能外，可能也是脓肿成因之一。     

发育期大鼠高热惊厥前后海马γ-氨基丁酸B受体亚基表达的变化

目的：研究高热惊厥(febrile seizures，FS)对发育期大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA)B受体亚基GABABR1与GABARR2蛋白表达的影响。方法：采用热水浴诱导大鼠高热惊厥模型。隔日诱导惊厥1次，共诱导10次，末次惊厥后24h处死大鼠。发育期大鼠随机分为3组：对照组(n＝24)，1次高热处理组(n＝28)，10次高热处理组(n＝40)。高热处理组根据是否出现惊厥再分为1次高热惊厥组(FS1，n＝16)与1次高热未惊厥组(F1，n＝12)，10次高热惊厥组(FS10，n＝15)与10次高热未惊厥组(F10，n＝13)。采用免疫组化方法观察不同次数高热惊厥大鼠脑内GABABR1与GABABR2蛋白表达的变化。结果：FS10大鼠海马齿状回、CAl-CA3区GABABRl和GABABR2蛋白表达明显低于F10、F1、FSl和对照组；F10大鼠上述脑区GABABRl和GABABR2蛋白表达低于F1、FS1和对照组；F1及FS1大鼠与对照组相比差异无显著性；海马各区GABABR1与GABABR2表达的改变大部分平行，但10次高热惊厥后GABABR2在CA1—CA3区下降更明显，而GABABR1在齿状回下降更明显。结论：反复高热惊厥及反复高热均可使发育期大鼠脑内GABABR亚基蛋白表达降低，高热惊厥的影响较单纯高热更为明显，提示GABABR亚单位与发育期大鼠高热惊厥及其脑损伤密切相关。GABABR1与GABABR2改变的不平行可能与受体亚单位组合的可塑性改变有关，这种改变可能导致抑制功能的改变。     

便携式多普勒血管探测仪在皮瓣移植中的应用

目的 :研究皮瓣移植前简单、可靠的血管探测的方法。方法 :在皮瓣移植前 ,以 HADECO ES-1 0 0 0 SPM多普勒血管探测仪对皮瓣血管蒂及皮动脉进行探测 ,与术中皮动脉探查结果进行比较 ,考察术前血管探测的准确性和意义。结果 :皮瓣血管蒂及皮动脉术前探测与术中探查结果完全一致。结论 :便携式血管多普勒仪是皮瓣移植前 ,简单、可靠的血管探测的仪器 ,根据探测结果进行皮瓣设计 ,有效地降低了手术失败的风险     

豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性的研究

目的　研究豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的体外通透性特征。方法　在成功建立豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性模型的基础上 ,研究该体外模型跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白的通透性。结果　①耳蜗微血管内皮细胞在培养增殖过程中其跨细胞电阻呈动态变化过程 ,以 5× 10 4/cm2 的细胞密度接种时 ,7d左右电阻到达峰值 ,其跨细胞电阻峰值大小为 (118 9± 18 5 )Ω/cm2 ;②体外模型中加入12 5I 牛血清白蛋白后 ,其通透性呈上升期抛物线型曲线 ,90min内几乎呈直线。结论　跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白变化曲线能反映体外耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的通透性特征     

nm23-H1基因转染对人胆管癌细胞系QBC939体外浸润能力的影响

目的：探讨nm23-H1基因转染对人胆管癌细胞系QBC939体外浸润能力的影响。方法：将含有全长nm23-H1 cDNA的真核表达载体通过脂腩体法转染人胆管癌细胞系。结果：转染成功的QBC939细胞，其nm23-Hl基因的mRNA、蛋白表达明显增加，转染nm23-H1基因的胆管癌细胞体外浸润能力下降，穿越matrigel的细胞数明显低于亲本QBC939细胞，代表浸润能力的IV型胶原酶（MMP-9）分泌量下降。结论：nm23-Hl基因可以抑制胆管癌细胞的体外浸润能力。     

活动与固定联合矫治在成人正畸中的应用

对成人正畸中活动与固定联合矫治的应用范围。优点及最新进展进行综述；提示只要进行合理设计，两种矫治方法能扬长避短，协同作用，获得良好效果。