Establishing and managing a periodontal biobank for research: the sharing of experience

Periodontal bio‐repositories, which allow banking of clinically validated human data and biological samples, provide an opportunity to derive biomarkers for periodontal diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic activities which are expected to improve patient management. This article presents the establishing of the Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobank System (MPDBS) which was initiated in 2011 with the aim to facilitate periodontal research. Partnerships were established with collaborating centres. Policies on specimen access, authorship and acknowledgement policies were agreed upon by all participating centres before the initiation of the periodontal biobank. Ethical approval for the collection of samples and data were obtained from institutional ethics review boards. A broad‐based approach for informed consent was used, which covered areas related to quality of life impacts, genetics and molecular aspects of periodontal disease. Sample collection and processing was performed using a standardized protocol. Biobanking resources such as equipment and freezers were shared with the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). In the development of the MPDBS, challenges that were previously faced by the MOCDTBS were considered. Future challenges in terms of ethical and legal issues will be faced when international collaborations necessitate the transportation of specimens across borders.     

Death-associated protein kinase 1 promotes growth of p53-mutant cancers

Estrogen receptor–negative (ER-negative) breast cancers are extremely aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. In particular, effective treatment strategies are limited for patients diagnosed with triple receptor–negative breast cancer (TNBC), which also carries the worst prognosis of all forms of breast cancer; therefore, extensive studies have focused on the identification of molecularly targeted therapies for this tumor subtype. Here, we sought to identify molecular targets that are capable of suppressing tumorigenesis in TNBCs. Specifically, we found that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is essential for growth of p53-mutant cancers, which account for over 80% of TNBCs. Depletion or inhibition of DAPK1 suppressed growth of p53-mutant but not p53-WT breast cancer cells. Moreover, DAPK1 inhibition limited growth of other p53-mutant cancers, including pancreatic and ovarian cancers. DAPK1 mediated the disruption of the TSC1/TSC2 complex, resulting in activation of the mTOR pathway. Our studies demonstrated that high DAPK1 expression causes increased cancer cell growth and enhanced signaling through the mTOR/S6K pathway; evaluation of multiple breast cancer patient data sets revealed that high DAPK1 expression associates with worse outcomes in individuals with p53-mutant cancers. Together, our data support targeting DAPK1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for p53-mutant cancers.     

三维斑点追踪成像评价亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者左心室收缩功能

目的 评价三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STE)技术对亚临床甲状腺功能减退(SCH)患者左心室心肌功能减低的预测价值。方法 对32例SCH患者(SCH组)和30名健康志愿者(对照组)行3D-STE检查,获得左心室收缩期整体面积应变(GAS)、整体纵向应变(GLS)和整体环向应变(GCS)。比较对照组和SCH组治疗前后左心室三维应变参数差异,以左心室射血分数<65%为诊断左心室收缩功能减低金标准,采用ROC曲线评价左心室三维应变参数诊断SCH左心室收缩功能减低的效能。结果 SCH组治疗前后GAS、GLS和GCS绝对值均低于对照组(P均<0.05),治疗后GAS、GLS和GCS绝对值均高于治疗前(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线显示GAS、GLS和GCS的AUC分别为0.805、0.723和0.614,分别以-40.5%、-29.3%和-32.6%作为GAS、GLS和GCS诊断左心室功能减低界值,其敏感度分别为85.7%、77.8%和71.1%,特异度分别为72.2%、71.3%和60.1%。结论 3D-STE中GAS诊断SCH患者左心室收缩功能减低效能较高,具有一定的临床预测价值。     

综合性肺康复治疗对煤工尘肺患者的效果评价

目的评价综合性肺康复治疗对煤工尘肺患者的康复效果。方法选取煤工尘肺患者80例,随机分为治疗组40例和对照组40例,治疗组在常规治疗的同时给予运动训练、健康教育、营养指导及心理与行为干预等综合性肺康复治疗措施,疗程6个月;对照组仅予常规治疗,观察治疗前后两组患者呼吸困难评价、生活质量评分、6 min步行距离及肺功能,并做统计学分析。结果治疗组治疗前后呼吸困难评价、生活质量评分、6 min步行距离及肺功能改善比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后呼吸困难评价、生活质量评分、6 min步行距离及肺功能改善比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合性肺康复治疗煤工尘肺患者疗效确切,可明显改善患者症状,提高生存质量,增加运动耐量,且安全性好,未发现不良反应。     

呼吸机撤机困难原因及撤机预测参数的研究进展

呼吸机撤机是机械通气后所面临的一个重要难题。影响撤机的因素是多方面的,涉及多系统功能,主要是呼吸力量与负荷之间的关系以及心肺功能相互影响的结果。结合困难撤机原因,寻找合适预测撤机的参数,可提高撤机成功率,最大限度改善临床预后。     

胎儿骨骼系统异常与染色体异常的相关性分析

目的评价系统超声检出胎儿骨骼系统异常与染色体异常的相关性。方法收集2006年至2013年在四川省人民医院行系统超声检查的12 146人次的胎儿资料,筛选出21例既有骨骼系统异常表现又存在染色体异常的胎儿完整临床资料(包括系统超声检查图像资料,引产或产后追踪结果,羊水穿刺胎儿染色体检测结果),评价超声可检出的骨骼系统异常与染色体异常之间的相关性。结果本组资料共21例胎儿骨骼系统异常合并染色体异常,其中21-三体5例,18-三体11例,13-三体3例,余染色体异常2例[46,XYt(6,9),(46,XY,6 q-)],21-三体5例,18-三体11例,13-三体3例均合并其他系统畸形(如神经系统、颜面部畸形、心脏结构异常或宫内发育迟缓);仅2例为单发骨骼系统异常。结论系统超声检查作为可检出胎儿骨骼系统异常的有效方法,通过某些特定的骨骼系统超声征象以及合并多发畸形表现为临床提供寻找特定染色体异常的线索,达到优化产前诊断的目的。     

通督开喑针刺治疗脑卒中构音障碍的临床研究

目的:探讨通督开喑针刺法治疗脑卒中构音障碍患者构音功能改善的作用,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选针刺组(A)、功能性电刺激组(B)、药物组(C),每组各30例,A组:取主穴百会、哑门、天鼎、廉泉、通里、合谷、太冲针刺法。B组:用功能性电刺激治疗仪贴置于后枕部两侧乳突,选择持续刺激模式治疗。C组:口服药物尼莫地平。结果:通督开喑针刺法治疗脑卒中构音障碍疗效明显优于其他组(P0.05)。同时,通督开喑针刺法对脑出血导致的构音障碍与脑梗死和脑栓塞导致的构音障碍不同病种间的疗效无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:通督开喑针刺法治疗脑卒中构音障碍在改善构音功能方面疗效优于功能性电刺激、药物,是脑卒中后构音障碍有效治疗方法。     

基于护理信息平台管理护理敏感指标的效果

通过护理信息平台,按照风险评估、制订护理措施、监管流程来管理压疮、跌倒/坠床、非计划性拔管、疼痛4项护理敏感指标,跌倒/坠床、非计划性拔管发生例数减少,提高了院内难免压疮治愈率、院外带入Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期压疮治愈率(P<0.01);提高了敏感指标的科学性,降低了护理风险的发生,节省了护理用时。     

维持性透析患者透析前后血清同型半胱氨酸水平及微炎性状态的变化研究

目的探讨维持性透析(MHD)患者透析前后血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和微炎性状态的变化。方法选择该院血液透析中心的尿毒症患者60例(患者组),分别检测其透析前后血清Hcy、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,并与60例健康体检者(健康对照组)进行比较。结果透析前MHD患者血清Hcy和hs-CRP明显高于健康对照组,SOD明显低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),透析后MHD患者血清Hcy明显降低但仍高于健康对照组,SOD明显升高至正常水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而hs-CRP无明显改变。结论 MHD患者存在高同型半胱氨酸血症并处于微炎性状态,而透析并不能完全改善这一状况。