AGTR1基因A10208G位点多态性与宁夏地区2型糖尿病与健康人的相关性

目的:糖尿病与心血管疾病可能存在着共同的遗传基础,AT1基因可能是心血管疾病与糖尿病共同的候选基因,人类编码AT1受体基因是AGTR1基因。分析2型糖尿病与健康者AGTR1基因A10208G位点多态性与胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能之间的关系。方法:选择2005-03/2007-03于银川市第一人民医院内分泌科住院新诊断的2型糖尿病患者127例,符合1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准,男68例,女59例,平均(54.86 11.05)岁,伴有腹型肥胖的2型精尿病患者105例,不伴有腹型肥胖的2型糖尿病患者22例,所有患者均自愿参加本实验,实验经医院伦理委员会批准。健康对照组人群来自宁夏地区的健康志愿者224名,男117名,女107名,平均(56.68 11.39)岁。所有对象均无血缘关系,且两组人群在性别和年龄上均匹配,各项参数之间无统计学意义。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析105例伴有肥胖2型糖尿病患者,22例不伴肥胖的2型糖尿病患者及224例健康对照者AGTR1基因A10208G位点多态性,并测定相应生化指标进行分析。结果:351名受试者均进入结果分析。①腹型肥胖糖尿病组AGTR1基因A10208G位点基因型分布和等位基因频率与健康对照组比较有统计学意义(基因型:x~2=10.85,P<0.01;等位基因:x~2=5.57,P<0.05)。②腹型肥胖糖尿病组携G等位基因患者Homa-IR、Homa-β明显高于非腹型肥胖糖尿病组携G等位基因患者(P<0.05)。结论:①AGTR1基因A10208G位点多态性与2型糖尿病存在相关性,尤其是伴有腹型肥胖的2型糖尿病患者。②AGTR1基因A10208G位点A→G的突变可能参与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能损伤。     

bla(VIM-2) cassette-containing novel integrons in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida isolates disseminated in a Korean hospital

We investigated the phenotypic and genetic properties of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas isolates collected at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea since 1995. The prevalence of imipenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates reached 16% in 1997, when 9% of the resistant organisms were found to produce VIM-2 beta-lactamase, a class B enzyme previously found only in P. aeruginosa isolates from Europe. VIM-2-producing isolates of Pseudomonas putida were also detected. Resistance was transferable from both these species to P. aeruginosa PAO4089Rp by filter mating, although the resistance determinant could not be found on any detectable plasmid. Serotyping showed that many of the VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to serotypes O:11 and O:12, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-digested genomic DNA revealed that many had identical profiles, whereas the P. putida isolates were diverse. Sequencing showed that the bla(VIM-2) genes resided as cassettes in class 1 integrons. In contrast to previous VIM-encoding integrons, the integron sequenced from a P. aeruginosa isolate had bla(VIM) located downstream of a variant of aacA4. bla(VIM) also lay in a class 1 integron in a representative P. putida strain, but the organization of this integron was different from that sequenced from the P. aeruginosa strain. In conclusion, the metallo-beta-lactamase produced by these imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas isolates was VIM-2, and the accumulation of producers reflected clonal dissemination as well as horizontal spread. Strict measures are required in order to control a further spread of resistance.     

构建影响免疫功能的慢性心理应激动物模型:不同应激源刺激差异比较

目的:为了解心理应激对免疫功能的影响,对影响免疫功能的多种心理应激动物模型进行比较分析,以寻找合理可行的慢性情绪应激动物模型.方法:实验于2004-09/10在江西师范大学体育学院运动生理实验室完成,动物实验方法符合动物伦理学要求.①实验材料及分组:选用雄性SD大鼠32只,按随机数字表法分为4组(n=8),即对照组、空瓶组、束缚组及灯光加电击组.②实验方法:对照组大鼠正常饲养,其余各组建立相应的心理应激刺激模型.各组大鼠在正式实验之前适应性生活1周,不同强度情绪刺激为期2周.③实验评估:实验期间观察各组大鼠体质量变化.情绪应激后24 h应用放免法测定白细胞介素2、白细胞介素6含量,应用脲酶-Berthelot比色法测定血尿素氮含量.结果:32只大鼠全部进入结果分析.①实验期间各组大鼠体质量呈上升趋势,实验结束时,空瓶组大鼠体质量低于对照组(P＜0.05).②各组大鼠的白细胞介素2、白细胞介素6含量差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).与对照组比较,空瓶组、束缚组白细胞介素2含量有下降趋势,白细胞介素6含量有上升趋势.③空瓶组大鼠血尿素氮含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),其他各组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:体质量和血尿素氮是心理应激较为敏感的指标.空瓶、束缚及灯光加电击3种心理应激模型比较,空瓶刺激效果较好.     

赞美训练对医学专科学生心理健康的影响

目的:赞美训练是一种旨在改变学生的心态、提高其自信心、帮助其形成积极应付方式的教育方法,主要是在实践或模拟实践情景中通过不断暗示、辩证分析、团体相互鼓励而逐渐形成多看事物好的一面的良好心理认知结构,从而调整心态、提高自我认识并形成积极应付方式。探讨赞美训练对提高医专学生心理健康的作用。方法:实验于2004-03在湖南中医药高等专科学校完成。在湖南中医药高等专科学校2002级学生中随机抽取60名学生作为实验对象,按性别随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30人。实验组、对照组训练同时进行,实验组进行赞美训练,对照组主要进行记忆及思维能力训练。实验组和对照组每周集体训练1次,2h/次,共计1学期(18周)。对两组学生进行应付方式、自信心、心态测量及症状自评量表测评,并通过SPSS软件进行数据分析。结果:纳入的60名学生全部进入结果分析。①实验组学生自信总分差值和心态总分差值分别为59.47±33.10和59.30±35.64,明显高于对照组(21.26±4.37和26.60±28.37,t=3.38,2.71,P<0.05)。②实验组学生训练后症状自评量表总分、躯体化、强迫、人际关系、忧郁、焦虑、恐怖、敌对、偏执、精神病性等方面得分均明显减少(P<0.05)。实验组在总分、躯体化、强迫、忧郁、焦虑、恐怖等多个方面与对照组存在明显差异(P<0.05),但在人际关系、敌对、偏执和精神病性等方面,虽然实验组进步更大,但与对照组比较,差异不明显。③训练后学生积极应对得分明显增加(P<0.05),而消极应付方式方面得分明显减少(P<0.05),实验组和对照组学生在正性应对和负性应对两个方面的得分差值都存在着明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:赞美训练促进了学生的心态、应付方式的改变和自信与心理健康水平的提高。     

胚胎嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脑性瘫痪：4例术后4周结果报告

目的:观察胚胎嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脑性瘫痪的有效性和安全性。方法:①病例资料:4例因出生时缺血缺氧确诊为脑性瘫痪的患者,男2例,女2例,年龄分别为14岁、岁、个月、岁。嗅92817鞘细胞由北京市虹天济神经科学研究院细胞中心提供,实验经医学伦理委员会批准,4例脑性瘫痪患者均签署知情同意书。②实验方法:根据术前MRI或CT片,患者均在局麻下行微创立体定向嗅鞘细胞移植术,选取双额放射冠为注射靶点,每侧注射1.0×106个细胞。术后给予止血、抗感染、康复等常规处理。③实验评估:分别于嗅鞘细胞移植前、移植后4周采用脑瘫综合功能评定量表、脑瘫日常生活能力量表评价患者神经功能及生活质量的改善。结果:①嗅鞘细胞移植术后4周,4例患者较术前均有不同程度的神经功能改善,未出现手术并发症。②脑瘫综合功能评定总分:病例1由92.5分增至94分,病例2由55分增至56分,病例3由10.5分增至11.5分,病例4由9.5分增至13分。③脑性瘫痪日常生活能力量表总分:病例1由82.0分增至83.5分,病例2无变化,为16.5分,病例3由5.0分增至7.5分,病例4由5.0分增至8分。结论:嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脑性瘫痪患者近期评价安全可行,可部分改善神经功能与生活质量,长期效果有待进一步随访。     

表皮细胞培养及其临床应用

目的:对表皮细胞的培养方法、临床应用进展方面的研究成果进行综述,展望其发展趋势。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1970-01/2006-08相关表皮细胞的文献,检索词“keratinocytes,culture,skin grafting”,同时检索中国期刊网2000-01/2006-08期间的相关文献,检索词为“表皮细胞,培养,皮肤移植”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取相关文献查找全文。纳入标准:①表皮细胞的培养。②表皮细胞的移植。排除标准:综述文献、重复研究类文章。资料提炼:共收集到30篇符合标准的文献,英文文献26篇,中文文献4篇,其中与培养相关的文献19篇,与移植相关的文献11篇。资料综合:自1975年以来,表皮细胞从最初的有血清、有滋养层培养,到无血清、无滋养层培养,再到后来的自动化培养。其培养方法有了较大的发展。这些发展促进了其临床应用,从细胞悬液移植到自、异体细胞膜片移植,再到表皮细胞-生物材料复合物移植。培养和移植方法的发展使人们在治疗大面积皮肤缺损方面看到了希望。结论:目前在表皮细胞培养及其临床应用上还有不少问题需要解决,但随着表皮细胞培养方法和技术的进一步完善,特别是与纳米科学、材料科学等学科的交叉,定能在不远的将来获得理想的永久性皮肤替代物。     

Epilepsy and Other Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Children and Adolescents with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 145 child and adolescent patients (72 males and 73 females) with genetically diagnosed 22q11.2DS. The clinical data included seizures, growth chart, psychological reports, development characteristics, school performance, other clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings.ResultsOf the 145 patients with 22q11.2DS, 22 (15.2%) had epileptic seizures, 15 (10.3%) had developmental delay, and 5 (3.4%) had a psychiatric illness. Twelve patients with epilepsy were classified as genetic epilepsy whereas the remaining were classified as structural, including three with malformations of cortical development. Patients with epilepsy were more likely to display developmental delay (odds ratio=3.98; 95% confidence interval=1.5-10.5; p=0.005), and developmental delay was more common in patients with structural epilepsy than in those with genetic epilepsy.ConclusionsPatients with 22q11.2DS have a high risk of epilepsy, which in these cases is closely related to other NP manifestations. This implies that this specific genetic locus is critically linked to neurodevelopment and epileptogenesis.     

Fourier transformation of arterial Doppler waveforms of the lower extremity

PURPOSE: Although it is well known that the normal, triphasic pulsatile arterial Doppler waveform changes in shape as flow is impaired, interpretation of the waveform has largely been subjective. We aimed to describe the Doppler waveforms of the lower extremity objectively using Fourier transformation. METHODS: Sixty-eight zero-crossing detector arterial recordings from 25 lower extremities were grouped as follows: group 1, no ischemic symptoms with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) > 0.9 (n = 17, 8 limbs); group 2, no ischemic symptoms with ABI < 0.9 (n = 18, 5 limbs); group 3, symptoms of claudication (n = 19, 7 limbs); group 4, rest pain or tissue loss (n = 14, 5 limbs). The waveforms were Fourier transformed and their amplitudes and phases were compared up to the third harmonic (H3). RESULTS: Amplitudes of both the fundamental (H1) and second harmonic (H2) were predominant in group 1. In contrast, amplitudes of the H2 and H3 decreased with altered flow (p < 0.0001 for group 1 versus others). The phases of the H1 and H2 were delayed with altered flow (p < 0.05 for group 1 versus others). Phases of the H1 were different between group 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). The difference of phase between the H3 and H1 was shortened with altered flow (p < 0.05 for group 1 or 2 versus group 4). Multivariate analysis revealed that the relative amplitudes of the H2 and H3, the phases of the H1 and H2, and the relative phase of the H3 were significant discriminators among the groups. CONCLUSION: Abnormal waveforms could be characterized by the predominant amplitude of the H1, phase delay of the H1 and H2, and shortening of the relative phase of the H3. These parameters may be useful in the evaluation of Doppler waveforms in patients with peripheral arterial disease.     

Short-Term Red Wine Consumption Promotes Differential Effects on Plasma Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Sympathetic Activity, and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive, and Healthy Subjects

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and endothelial responses to short-term red wine consumption in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension, and healthy controls.

METHODS:

Subjects with hypercholesterolemia (n=10) or arterial hypertension (n=9), or healthy controls (n=7) were given red wine (250 mL/night) for 15 days. Analyses were performed before and after red wine intake.

RESULTS:

Red wine significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol in the controls, but not in the other groups. The effects on hemodynamic measurements were mild, non-significantly more prominent in healthy subjects, and exhibited high interindividual variability. Across all participants, mean blood pressure decreased 7 mmHg (p <0.01) and systemic vascular resistance decreased 7% (p = 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac output did not significantly change in any group. Red wine enhanced muscle sympathetic fibular nerve activity in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive patients, but not in controls. At baseline, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was impaired in patients with hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension; red wine restored the dilation in the hypercholesterolemic group but not in the hypertensive group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Red wine elicits different metabolic, autonomic, and endothelial responses among individuals with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings highlight the need to consider patient characteristics when evaluating the response to red wine.