中老年男性下尿路症状的流行病学调查

为了了解下尿路症状在中、老年男性中的流行情况，用附加了二个症状问题的ＳＬ问卷对８７１名５２～７４岁的男子作回顾性调查，对调查结果作了年龄分组分析。结果发现：平均ＩＰＳＳ总分为４．９３分，无症状者为１２．２％，轻症者为６４．７％，中度症状者为１９．６％，重症者为３．５％。夜尿者占７２．３％，尿终滴沥占５４．４％，而症状中分值＞３分者尿终滴沥占２５．６％，夜尿占１４．６％，平均ＱＯＬ为１．７４，ＱＯＬ为０～２、３、４～６的比例分别为５２．７％、４６．０％、１．３％。ＱＯＬ与ＩＰＳＳ的相关性较好（ｒ＝０．６２），与梗阻症状群的相关性（ｒ＝０．５７）优于与刺激症状的相关性（ｒ＝０．４４）。中重度症状者中有７２．０％的人未进行治疗。     

Diagnosis of ligament rupture of the ankle joint: Physical examination, arthrography, stress radiography and sonography compared in 160 patients after inversion trauma

We prospectively enrolled 160 consecutive patients with inversion trauma of the ankle in a diagnostic protocol that included physical examination within 2 days and at 5 days after trauma, arthrography, stress radiography, and ultrasonography. 135 patients had pathological lateral ligament laxity on the later physical examination or lateral ligament rupture diagnosed on arthrography and they were operated on. 122 of these patients had ligament ruptures.

At clinical follow-up after a minimum of half a year, all of the patients who were not operated on had stable joints without signs of previous ligament ruptures.

Delayed physical examination at 5 days after the injury led to the highest overall sensitivity (96%) and specificity (84%) for the detection of a ligament rupture. Additional diagnostic procedures, at a considerable cost, yielded little additional information.     

郑州市尘肺流行病学调查研究

尘肺是我国工业生产中危害最严重的职业病。1988年以来,郑州市持续开展了尘肺流行病学调查。1992年全市粉尘作业厂矿接尘人数为103542人,尘肺累积病人2758例,其中现患2541例,死亡217例。尘肺累积患病比为2.59%,现患率为2.39%,病死率为7.87%。尘肺累积病例以巩义市、郑州矿务局、密县为较多;按系统以煤炭(包括县煤炭)、机械、轻工、有色金属为多;尘肺病主要为矽肺及煤工尘肺。统计分析各种尘肺的发病工龄、发病年龄、死亡年龄以及各期别晋级年限等数据。对郑州市尘肺的发展趋势作了预测。     

Analogical Reasoning Abilities of Recovering Alcoholics

This study investigated analogical reasoning abilities of alcoholics who had been abstinent from alcohol for at least 1 year. Their performance was compared to that of nonalcoholic controls matched as a group for education, age, and gender. Solution times and error rates were modeled using a regression model. Results showed a nonsignificant trend for alcoholics to be faster, but more error prone, than controls. The same componential model applied to both groups, and fit them equally well. Although differences have been found in analogical reasoning ability between controls and alcoholics immediately following detoxification, we find no evidence of differences after extended periods of sobriety.     

Bone mineral density testing in healthy postmenopausal women. The role of clinical risk factor assessment in determining fracture risk.

The ease of measurement and the quantitative nature of bone mineral densitometry (BMD) is clinically appealing. Despite BMD's proven capability to stratify fracture risk, data indicate that clinical risk factors provide complementary information on fracture susceptibility that is independent of BMD. Methods to quantify fracture risk using both clinical and BMD variables would have great appeal for clinical decision-making. We describe a procedure for quantifying hip fracture risk (5-yr and remaining lifetime) based on (1) the individual's age alone (base model, assuming average clinical risk factors and bone density), (2) incorporation of multiple patient-specific clinical risk factor data in the base model, and (3) incorporation of both patient-specific clinical risk factor data and BMD results.     

一种简单、稳定、可靠的屏氧酶1基因多态性分析法

目的：建立一种简单、稳定、可靠的PON1基因多态性分析法。方法：取外周静脉血100μl，用ROSE法提取基因组DNA，用两对引物：P192F 5′-TAT TGT TGC TGT GGG ACC TGA G-3′,P192R 5′-CAC GCT AAA CCC AAA TAC ATC TC-3′；P55F 5′-GAA GAG TGA TGT ATA GCC CCA G-3′,P55R 5′-TTT AAT CCA GAG CTA ATG AAA GCC-3分别进行PCR扩增，用限制性内切酶AlwI,NlaⅢ对两种PCR产物分别进行酶切，3％琼脂糖凝胶电泳。结果：扩增的两个PCR产物在192、55多态性位点大小分别为99bp、170bp。Alw I酶切后，凝胶电脉得到完全酶切（66bp,33bp)，部分酶切（99bp、66bp、33bp)，未被酶切（99bp)三种类型DNA片段（RR，QR，QQ基因型）；NlaⅢ酶切后，凝胶电脉得到部分酶切（170bp,126bp,44bp)，未被酶切（170bp)两种类型DNA片段（LM，LL基因型）。经双盲重复检测，结果一致。应用此方法对胃癌患者血样标本检测，发现其PON1基因多态性在192位点频率较高。结论：采用一步PCR－RFLP技术可以建立简单、稳定、可靠的PON1基因多态性分析法。     

氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的合成及其对冠状动脉的作用

目的 :合成氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物并研究其对动物冠状动脉的作用。方法 :以氟哌啶醇为原料 ,将其与卤代烃在回流的情况下进行反应而得到其季铵盐衍生物。采用猪冠状动脉条生物测定法和Langendorff灌流法研究这些衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。结果 :合成了 7个新化合物 ( 1～ 7) ,其中化合物 7量效依赖地压低KCl所致的猪冠状动脉条收缩曲线 ,阻断较大剂量所致的冠状动脉条痉挛 ,并量效依赖地拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量减少。结论 :化合物 7显示了良好的扩张冠状动脉的作用 ,值得进一步研究