A causal relationship between childhood obesity and risk of osteoarthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

PurposeIt has been found that childhood obesity (CO) may play an important role in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Thus we conducted this mendelian randomisation analysis (MR) to evaluate the causal association between childhood obesity and osteoarthritis.MethodsInstrumental variables (IVs) were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and Cochran’s Q test were used to confirm the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of identified IVs, then five different models, including the inverse variance weighted model (IVW), weighted median estimator model (WME), weighted model-based method (WM), MR-Egger regression model (MER), and MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MRAPS) were applied in this MR analysis.ResultsAfter excluding all outliers identified by the MR-PRESSO test, no evident directional pleiotropy was found. Significant heterogeneity was found in the secondary MR and as a result, the multiplicative random-effect model was used. Significant causal association between CO and OA (OR 1.0075, 95% CI [1.0054, 1.0010], p = 8.12 × 10⁻¹³). The secondary MR also revealed that CO was causally associated with knee OA (OR 1.1067, 95% CI [1.0769, 1.1373], p = 3.30 × 10⁻¹³) and hip OA (OR 1.1272, 95% CI [1.0610, 1.1976], p = 1.07 × 10⁻⁴). The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed by sensitivity tests.ConclusionThere appears to be a causal relationship between childhood obesity and OA. Our results indicate that individuals with a history of childhood obesity require specific clinical attention to prevent the development of knee and hip OA.     

清前方对实验性非细菌性前列腺炎的影响

目的:观察清前方对大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的影响。方法:采用大鼠前列腺内注入1%角叉菜胶生理盐水的方法,建立实验性非细菌性前列腺炎模型。予清前方生药2.5g/(kg.d)灌胃,观察大鼠前列腺液白细胞数目、卵磷脂小体密度及病理学改变。结果:清前方组炎症模型动物前列腺液中白细胞计数显著降低,卵磷脂小体密度增高;腺体分泌减少、间质水肿、炎细胞浸润及纤维组织增生程度有所减轻。结论:清前方对角叉菜胶所致的大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎具抑制作用。     

靶向抑制miR-155增加骨髓瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性

目的:探讨靶向抑制miR-155对骨髓瘤细胞化疗敏感性的影响,并研究其分子作用机制.方法:利用qRT-PCR测定人骨髓瘤细胞株及耐药株中miR-155的表达水平;利用LipofectamineTM 2000将miR-155 inhibitor和阴性对照转染至人骨髓瘤耐药细胞株中;利用MTT法检测转染后人骨髓瘤耐药细胞对...     

临界温度阈值检测在冷接触性荨麻疹中的临床应用

【摘要】 目的 研究温度测试仪测定临界温度阈值（CTT）在冷接触性荨麻疹诊断中的应用，并探究CTT与冷接触性荨麻疹疾病活动度、疾病控制情况及患者生活质量的关系。方法 回顾2017年10月至2019年3月就诊于北京大学第一医院皮肤科的20例冷接触性荨麻疹。患者首次就诊时自评疾病活动度，首次就诊及之后的2次随访时检测患者CTT，并由患者评价皮肤病生活质量指数（DLQI）。第2次随访时，评价患者的疾病控制情况。采用Spearman相关性检验分析CTT与疾病活动度、CTT改善度与疾病控制情况的相关性。Friedman检验比较治疗过程中CTT、DLQI的改善情况，并采用Bonferroni多重检验进行组间两两比较。结果 患者自评疾病活动度：轻度3例，中度8例，重度9例，疾病活动度与CTT呈正相关（rs = 0.573，P = 0.008）。医生评价疾病控制情况：3例不佳，6例一般，11例良好，疾病控制情况与CTT的改善度呈正相关（rs = 0.516，P = 0.020）。首次就诊及2次随访时CTT依次为（20.10 ± 4.67） ℃、（10.75 ± 5.30） ℃、中位数5.50（P25，P75为4.00，10.75） ℃，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 34.16，P < 0.001），DLQI值分别为（19.75 ± 3.81）分、（8.45 ± 6.27）分、中位数0.50（P25，P75为0，9.00）分，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 35.23，P < 0.001）；2次随访时CTT、DLQI值均低于首次就诊时（均P < 0.001）。结论 CTT可反映患者的疾病活动度，并与患者生活质量及疾病控制情况相关。     

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in small pupils using non-aligned iris expansion ring without viscoelastic and corneal suture

International Ophthalmology - To describe a technique for cataract surgery in eyes with small pupils that combines the use of the femtosecond laser and an iris expansion device, but without the use...     

Methods for assessing quality of life in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST)

The CAST was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial of antiarrhythmic medications designed to suppress ventricular arrhythmias in patients after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). A collection of 21 items derived from established scales was used to assess aspects of quality of life in CAST. The questions focused on symptoms, mental health, physical functioning, social functioning, life satisfaction, and life expectancy. Additional aspects included exposure to major stressful life events, and perceived social support and social integration. Work status was also recorded. Using the baseline values of 1465 (98%) out of 1498 patients enrolled in the CAST main study between 15 June 1987 and 19 April 1989, the reliability and validity of the scales used in CAST were computed. High internal consistency reliability (0.70) was found for Symptoms, Mental Health, and Physical Functioning. The discriminative validity, in particular for Symptoms, Mental Health, Physical and Social Functioning, showed that patients with heart failure and previous MI, as well as those suffering from angina and dyspnea, had a worse quality of life than those patients who were not experiencing these symptoms. It was concluded that the scales selected to form the CAST quality of life questionnaire were both reliable and clinically valid for this patient population and therefore could be used to detect disease progression and treatment effects.     

超声引导下选择性颈神经根阻滞在肩关节镜术后镇痛中的应用

目的比较超声引导下选择性颈神经根阻滞与传统肌间沟臂丛阻滞在肩关节镜术后镇痛的应用效果。方法择期行肩关节镜手术全麻患者70例,男25例,女45例,年龄18~75岁,随机分为两组,选择性颈神经根阻滞组(S组)和传统肌间沟臂丛阻滞组(ISB组),每组35例。S组在超声引导下分别给予C5、C6神经根0.5%罗哌卡因各5ml;ISB组在超声引导下给予0.5%罗哌卡因10ml。记录神经阻滞起效时间;记录术后4、12、24h的VAS评分和前臂(屈肘、屈腕、屈指)MBS运动评分;记录术后24h曲马多用量,以及患者满意度和不良反应发生情况。结果 S组起效时间明显短于ISB组[(8.24±2.96)min vs(13.85±7.45)min,P0.01];S组术后12h的VAS评分明显低于ISB组[(1.7±0.8)分vs(3.6±0.7)分,P0.05],术后4h前臂(屈肘、屈腕、屈指)MBS运动评分明显高于ISB组[(3.5±0.6)分vs(0.8±0.3)分,(3.4±0.5)分vs(0.9±0.4)分,(3.6±0.6)分vs(0.7±0.4)分,P0.01];术后24h曲马多用量明显少于ISB组[(37.5±35.9)mg vs(112.5±43.5)mg,P0.05],患者满意率明显高于ISB组(88%vs 56%,P0.05),术后不良反应两组差异无统计学意义。结论在肩关节镜手术后镇痛中,超声引导下选择性颈神经根阻滞优于臂丛神经阻滞。     

意象对话技术对服刑人员进行短程干预的个案报告

目的探查在现阶段我国还没有条件对服刑人员提供广泛的长程心理干预的情况下，适合对服刑人员进行短程心理干预的心理咨询与治疗技术。方法采用意象对话技术对一名服刑人员进行一次性心理干预。结果本次心理干预在短时间内大致了解了来访者的一部分内心世界，并帮助其作出了一些积极的改变。结论使用意象对话技术对服刑人员进行短程心理干预具有特殊的优势和良好的应用前景。