三明市区蝇类调查

本文首次报告了三明市区蝇的种类,季节消长和分布情况。发现蝇4科35属68种,其中长条溜蝇、吸溜蝇、毛瓣家蝇、盘突缅麻蝇、瘦钩鬃麻蝇为福建省首次发现;蝇类以家蝇、大头金蝇、市蝇和丝光绿蝇为优势种;蝇类常年活动,以4—5月和8—9月为活动高峰期;不同活动场所蝇类构成不同,各种场所的蝇种分布也不同。     

无锡市城区乙型肝炎流行病学调查分析

目的 了解无锡市社区成人乙型肝炎(HB)知识知晓率、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率和免疫水平,探讨成人HBV免疫策略.方法 采用横断面整群抽样的方法入户问卷调查,采集空腹血样并采用ELISA方法检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-Hbe和抗-HBc.结果 3744名调查者8项HB相关知识知晓率较高,其中"HB是传染病"单项知晓率高达87.30%,有疫苗接种史者HB知晓率得分≥5分者占60.18%(239/393),明显高于无接种史的49.49%(1071/2164),x2=17.07,P＜0.01;有HBV家族史者知晓率得分≥5分者占60.00%(318/530),明显高于无家族史者的43.00%(1382/3214),x2=53.05,P＜0.01;HBV总感染率经标化后为49.88%;HBV 5项指标全部阴性者1109名,占29.62%;HBsAg、HBeAg和抗HBc 3项同时阳性者为8例,占0.21%;HBsAg、抗-Hbe和抗-HBc 3项同时阳性者133例,占3.55%;男性抗-HBc阳性率显著高于女性,分别为59.37%和53.08%,P=0.00;HBV 5项指标阳性率随着年龄的增长而上升,20岁、80岁年龄组的HBsAg分别是为2.84%和5.69%,抗-HBs分别为44.05%和65.85%,HBeAg分别为0.64%和0.81%,抗-Hbe分别为1.93%和4.07%,抗-HBc分别为33.44%和69.11%,趋势性x2=256.16,P＜0.001;3744名调查者中有HB家族史者占14.16%(530/3744),HBV疫苗接种率为11.77%(393/3339),经标化后为20.20%,有接种疫苗史者抗-HBs阳转率为21.12%(83/393).结论 成人HBV感染率高,HBV疫苗接种率低,抗-HBs抗体水平低,提高成人HB免疫水平是降低HBV感染的重要措施.     

Sarcoma tumor FDG uptake measured by PET and patient outcome: a retrospective analysis

In a retrospective analysis of patients with sarcoma who underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) imaging, tumor maximum FDG uptake was analyzed for ability to predict patient survival and disease-free interval. Two hundred and nine patients with sarcoma were imaged prior to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or resection. Tumor FDG uptake expressed as maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) was compared with disease-free and overall survival. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to examine the role of SUV(max) in predicting time to death or disease progression, after adjusting for standard clinical prognostic factors. The multivariate analyses showed that the SUV(max) information is a statistically significant independent predictor of patient survival. Tumors with larger SUV(max) have a significantly poorer prognosis. This retrospective analysis indicates that the sarcoma tumor SUV(max) value determined by PET is an independent predictor of survival and disease progression.     

Between–within models for survival analysis

A popular way to control for confounding in observational studies is to identify clusters of individuals (e.g., twin pairs), such that a large set of potential confounders are constant (shared) within each cluster. By studying the exposure–outcome association within clusters, we are in effect controlling for the whole set of shared confounders. An increasingly popular analysis tool is the between–within (BW) model, which decomposes the exposure–outcome association into a ‘within‐cluster effect’ and a ‘between‐cluster effect’. BW models are relatively common for nonsurvival outcomes and have been studied in the theoretical literature. Although it is straightforward to use BW models for survival outcomes, this has rarely been carried out in practice, and such models have not been studied in the theoretical literature. In this paper, we propose a gamma BW model for survival outcomes. We compare the properties of this model with the more standard stratified Cox regression model and use the proposed model to analyze data from a twin study of obesity and mortality. We find the following: (i) the gamma BW model often produces a more powerful test of the ‘within‐cluster effect’ than stratified Cox regression; and (ii) the gamma BW model is robust against model misspecification, although there are situations where it could give biased estimates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肩关节镜手术患者术中低体温预测模型的构建及验证

目的构建肩关节镜手术患者术中低体温风险预测模型并检验其预测效果。 方法选取2019年1月至2020年7月北京大学人民医院261例肩关节镜手术患者为研究对象,其中2019年1月至12月为建模组（n=174）,2020年1月至7月为验证组（n=87）,采用单因素分析筛选变量,通过Logistic回归建立模型,并进行Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验,采用受试者操作特征曲线下面积评价模型的预测效果。 结果建模组患者术中低体温发生率为56.32%（98/174）,验证组为42.53% （37/87）;最终模型包括3个预测因子：基础体温（OR=0.033）、麻醉时间（OR=1.002）和BMI（OR=0.845）。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P=0.377,AUC为0.858,Youden指数为0.603,灵敏度为0.735,特异度为0.868。模型验证显示正确率为83.84%。 结论本研究构建的模型具有较好的预测效果,可为临床评估肩关节镜手术患者术中低体温风险提供参考。     

慢性自发性荨麻疹的临床评估体系

【摘要】 慢性自发性荨麻疹（CSU）严重影响患者的生活质量,目前尚缺乏敏感且检测方便的生物标志物来评估CSU的严重程度以及药物疗效。在CSU日常管理中选择具有良好信度、效度的患者报告结局评估工具格外重要,如荨麻疹活动度评分、荨麻疹疾病控制评分和慢性荨麻疹患者生活质量评分等。本文梳理了已有的CSU评估工具,分析其优点、局限性和在临床上的应用,旨在构建CSU临床评估体系,为制定个性化的治疗方案和疗效评估提供参考。     

ICU创伤后感染患者并发脓毒症的危险因素分析

目的 分析重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)创伤后感染患者并发脓毒症的危险因素.方法 收集2012-2015年重庆市某三级甲等教学医院综合ICU因创伤入院且发生感染的患者227例,其中男性174例,女性53例.根据患者是否并发脓毒症将其分为脓毒症组(n=168)和非脓毒症组(n=59),记录两组患者的一般资料、损伤情况、感染情况、病理生理特征等,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件分析可能导致脓毒症的相关因素.结果 创伤后感染患者脓毒症发生率为74.01％.与非脓毒症组比较,脓毒症组患者入ICU后24 h内液入量、中心置管、有创机械通气、有创机械通气持续时间、输血、血液感染、外伤创面或外科手术部位感染等较多,入院时序贯性器官功能衰竭评分(sequential organ failure score,SOFA)、损伤严重度评分(injury severity score,ISS)、新损伤严重度评分(new injury severity score,NISS)等较高(P＜0.05).经Logistic单因素和多因素逐步回归分析筛选出7个危险因素:入院时SOFA较大(OR =2.64,95％CI:1.27～5.46,P=0.009)、入ICU时功能障碍系统的个数增加(OR=2.10,95％ CI:1.35 ～ 3.27,P=0.001)、入ICU 24 h内血pH值异常(OR =3.16,95％ CI:1.43 ～ 6.99,P=0.005)、入ICU 24 h内脉压差平均值增大(OR=1.52,95％ CI:1.09 ～2.11,P=0.014)、存在葡萄球菌属感染(OR =4.32,95％CI:1.54 ～ 12.07,P=0.005)、存在外伤创面或外科手术部位感染(OR=3.73,95％CI:1.12 ～ 12.46,P=0.032)、有创机械通气持续时间增加(OR=1.94,95％CI:1.36 ～2.77,P＜0.01).结论 严密监测创伤患者入ICU 24 h内pH值及脉压差变化,预防创面及外科手术部位感染,避免葡萄球菌属感染,减少有创机械通气持续时间等,有望降低其脓毒症发生率及致死率.     

扩散成像和磁共振波谱对MELAS诊断价值的初步研究

目的:探讨扩散成像(DWI、DTI)和磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)对MELAS患者的诊断价值。材料和方法:采用3.0T磁共振,对5例经病理证实的MELAS患者进行常规磁共振及DWI、DTI和1H-MRS检查。结果:5例MELAS患者常规磁共振可见大脑皮层多发脑回状长T1长T2及高FLAIR异常信号,增强扫描无强化,病灶具有游走和复发特点。DWI病变区呈稍高信号,ADC图呈稍高或稍低或混杂信号;DTI显示白质纤维信号减低;1H-MRS可见NAA峰降低,高大Lac峰出现。病灶区与对侧正常区比较ADC值增高(P<0.05),FA值降低(P<0.01),NAA/Cr降低(P<0.05),Lac/Cr明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:常规磁共振发现大脑皮层反复出现的多发游走性无强化病灶,要考虑到MELAS型线粒体脑肌病的可能性,DWI结合ADC图有助于明确MELAS的病理损害性质,DTI可直观显示白质纤维破坏程度,1H-MRS检测到异常高大Lac峰是支持MELAS的重要辅助依据。