药理实验室绿色环保化建设探讨

实现药理实验室绿色化是药理实验教学和科研人员所面对的新课题。本文探讨了目前高校药理实验室存在的主要问题,并从实验教学、实验准备和实验室管理等几个方面讨论了构建绿色药理实验平台的重要性及实施的主要措施,从而进一步提高师生的绿色实验意识。     

兔肝VX_2肿瘤模型的建立及生物学特性

目的探讨采用瘤块种植制备兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的可行性并研究其生物学特性。方法采用VX2肿瘤组织块制备兔肝肿瘤模型,观察谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、体温、体质量、体液免疫球蛋白、肿瘤的增长、脏器转移及组织病理学改变等。结果兔肝VX2肿瘤原位移植模型的移植成功率为100%,6周肝内转移率为100%,6周肺转移率为80%。随着瘤体体积的增长,体温及ALT逐渐升高,体质量逐渐减轻,免疫球蛋白则呈下降趋势。超声检查显示肝脏有结节样增强回声。肿瘤呈灰白色,质硬,光镜下可见癌细胞核大,深染伴核异型。结论采用瘤块种植制备兔肝VX2肿瘤模型,具有容易制备、生长周期短、成功率高及模型稳定等特点,是一种较理想的肝肿瘤实验动物模型。     

经颅多普勒超声在儿童颅内压增高性疾病中的应用

经颅多普勒超声(transcranial doppler ultrasonography,TCD)是一种非侵入性评价颅内动脉的检测手段,自上世纪80年代问世以来,已被广泛性应用于临床工作的各个领域.由于其操作简便、重复性好,可以对患者进行床旁连续、动态观察,尤其适用于监测危重症患者.颅内压增高是儿童致病致死的再要原因之一,它可使脑血流灌注下降,造成脑功能障碍等严重后果,因此颅内压监测有重要临床意义.TCD作为一种无创性监测工具,可根据其血流速度、相关参数及血流频谱的变化对颅内压增高患者脑血流动力学进行动态监测与评估,从而达到监测颅内压改变的目的.本文着重阐述TCD在几种常见的儿童颅内高压性疾病中的应用进展.     

误诊为小儿急性呼吸衰竭的肺外疾病分析

小儿肺外疾病常有呼吸道症状，有时急性呼吸衰竭为其重要表现。1995年以来，我院抢救12例首诊均被误诊为肺炎并呼吸衰竭的患儿，现报告如下。     

Visfatin研究进展

Visfatin是新发现的由内脏脂肪细胞分泌的一种脂肪细胞因子,可结合并激活胰岛素受体的非胰岛素结合部位,激活胰岛素受体信号通路,从而模拟胰岛素作用,降低机体血糖。这一因子还能够促进脂肪组织的分化、合成及积累。Visfatin cDNA序列与前B细胞克隆增强因子(PBEF)相同,Visfatin在细胞内尚发挥尼克酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(Nampt)的作用,通过调节氧化型辅酶Ⅰ(NAD)的生成从而调控Sirt1的活性,参与细胞的增殖、分化及调亡等过程。     

Elucidating the mechanism of nucleation inhibition of pathology crystallization of gout based on the evidence from amorphous form and in solution

The first gout attack in a hyperuricaemic patient may be regarded as a nucleation event which is caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) deposition in the synovial fluid. The effect of Tailor-Made Inhibition (TMI) may be effective as drugs for the prevention of aberrant nucleation and crystallization. Therefore, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms in inhibiting the MSUM nucleation by TMI has proven to be of great significance. Yet most of the published studies about nucleation inhibition have tended to focus on simpler molecular models with a hydrogen-bonded acceptor and donor, which may be not suitable for the uric acid molecule with multiple hydrogen-bonded acceptors and donors under physiological conditions. Herein, the mechanisms of nucleation inhibition of MSUM were explored in a simulated biological environment (0.15 M Na⁺ and pH 7.40) in the presence and absence of TMI. And the evidence of nucleation inhibition by TMI in solution and the amorphous form of MSUM was investigated by HNMR, IR, Raman, PXRD, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), induction time measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results showed that the inhibition comes from a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic effects, with an impact of kinetics as the TMI inhibition effects far exceeded what could be accounted for by changes in usual factors of classical nucleation theory. The data demonstrated that the complex between urate and TMI disturbed the formation of two-dimensional sheets of sodion and purine rings parallel to the (011) plane and further impeded the formation of a three-dimensional structure with aromatic stacking interactions in solution. To our knowledge, the nucleation inhibition of TMI is achieved by suppressing interplanar stacking, which is a mechanism proposed for the first time.

Xanthine, a tailor-made inhibitor, could suppress nucleation in the crystallization of gout pathology by blocking the dominant interplanar accumulation in a solution.     

Hepatitis D: advances and challenges

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although discovered > 40 years ago, little attention has been paid to this pathogen from both scientific and public communities. However, effectively combating hepatitis D requires advanced scientific knowledge and joint efforts from multi-stakeholders. In this review, we emphasized the recent advances in HDV virology, epid...     

Qiangli Wuhu mixture alleviates LPS-induced pneumonia by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway: a study based on network pharmacology

ContextQiangli Wuhu (QLWH) mixture is a concoction approved and registered by Ningxia Medical Products Administration. It has therapeutic effects on various types of pneumonia.ObjectiveTo clarify the mechanisms of QLWH in treating pneumonia.Materials and methodsThe potential targets of QLWH in the treatment of pneumonia were predicted by network pharmacology. Male, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into five groups of 12 mice, control, vehicle, QLWH (10 and 20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (DXM), and orally treated twice daily with normal saline, QLWH or DXM. The pneumonia model was established by tracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After treatment five days, ELISA, H&E staining and Western blot were used to investigate protective effects of QLWH.ResultsNine hundred and ninety-four active ingredients were found through network pharmacology, corresponding to 135 targets for the treatment of pneumonia; compared to the vehicle group, QLWH (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α (14.3% and 28.8%), IL-1β (23.9% and 42.8%) and IL-6 (13.2% and 16.1%), increased the levels of IL-10 (134.3% and 172.9%); in terms of mechanism, QLWH down-regulated TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis related proteins in lung tissue of pneumonia model mice (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusionsThis study combined network pharmacology and animal experiments, providing effective evidence for the clinical promotion of QLWH. Meanwhile, it is of significance for further development.     

超声引导下腹部神经阻滞对老年患者术后疼痛及认知状态的影响

目的：探讨超声引导下腹部神经阻滞对老年患者术后疼痛及认知状态的影响。方法：回顾性分析本院2017年4月～2020年4月收治的80例老年腹部手术患者,根据镇痛模式的选择分为全麻-神经阻滞组(44例)和全麻组(36例)。比较两组的术中情况(麻醉时间、手术时间、术中出血量)、术后24 h内舒芬太尼自控镇痛用量与追加次数、术后24 h和术后48 h的静息状态与运动状态下疼痛程度(VAS疼痛评分)、入室时和术后24 h的血清细胞白介素6(IL-6)、超敏-C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)水平、术后7 d内POCD发生率和不良反应发生率。结果：两组患者麻醉时间、手术时间、术中出血量的差异均无统计学意义;全麻-神经阻滞组患者的24 h内舒芬太尼用量、追加次数、术后24 h和48 h的静息疼痛评分和运动疼痛评分均低于全麻组;两组患者术后24 h的血清IL-6、Hs-CRP均较入室时升高,全麻-神经阻滞组术后24 h的血清IL-6、Hs-CRP低于全麻组;两组患者术后POCD发生率和不良反应总发生率无明显差异。结论：全麻-神经阻滞继以静脉自控镇痛用于老年腹部手术患者的镇痛效果优于全麻继以静脉自控镇痛,舒芬太尼...