妊娠期高血压疾病患者胎盘组织中血管活性肽Apelin的表达及其意义

目的 探讨妊娠期高血压疾病患者胎盘组织中血管活性肽Apelin的表达及其意义。方法 选择妊娠期高血压疾病患者36例（妊娠期高血压疾病组）,其中妊娠期高血压10例,轻度子痫前期11例,重度子痫前期15例;选择同期正常产妇15例作为正常妊娠组。采用免疫组化染色法及实时荧光定量RT-PCR分别检测两组产妇胎盘组织中Apelin-36及ApelinmRNA的表达。结果 正常妊娠组Apelin-36及ApelinmRNA分别为0．27±0．04及0．82±0．25,妊娠期高血压疾病组分别为0．18±0．05及0．31±0．21,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;其中,妊娠期高血压患者分别为0．24±0．02及0．59±0．16,轻度子痫前期患者分别为0．16±0．03及0．25±0．07,重度子痫前期患者分别为0．14±0．02及0．17±0．09,轻度、重度子痫前期患者的Apelin-36及ApelinmRNA表达水平均低于妊娠期高血压患者（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）,轻度子痫前期患者与重度子痫前期患者比较,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．05）。结论 血管活性肽Apelin在胎盘组织中表达降低,可能与妊娠期高血压疾病的发生、发展有关。     

63例幼年型粒单核细胞白血病的临床特征与预后分析

目的 探讨幼年型粒单核细胞白血病(juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia,JMML)的临床特征与预后之间的关系。方法 收集2008年1月—2016年12月收治的JMML患儿临床资料及预后,分析影响JMML患儿预后的因素。结果 共纳入63例JMML患儿,中位发病年龄为25个月,男女性别3.2∶1。54例患儿完成JMML基因检测,PTPN11基因突变最常见(23例,43%),其中单纯PTPN11基因突变19例,伴PTPN11基因复合突变4例;其次为NRAS基因突变(14例,26%),其中单纯NRAS基因突变12例,包含NRAS基因复合突变2例。5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率仅为22%±10%。13例(21%)患儿进行造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)。HSCT组患儿5年OS率高于非HSCT组患儿(46%±14%vs 29%±7%,P<0.05)。无PTPN11基因突变与PTPN11基因突变患儿5年OS率比较差异无统计学意义(30%±14%vs 27%±10%,P&...     

Simultaneous determination of five flavonoids during the growth of Fructus Sophorae by capillary electrophoresis

A method of simultaneous determination of five flavonoids during the growth of Fructus Sophorae by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-) modified capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. The effects of various parameters such as buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, and β-CD concentrations were investigated. After a series of optimization processes, the determination of five flavonoids in Fructus Sophorae was successfully achieved in 20 mmol/L borax buffer (pH 9.5), 25 kV applied voltage, and 8 mmol/L β-CD. The linearity, detection limits, repeatability, and recovery were satisfactory. Thus, the proposed β-CD-modified capillary zone electrophoresis method was satisfactorily used to analyze Fructus Sophorae samples. The results can be useful for the quality control and medicinal resource development of Fructus Sophorae.     

中药学硕士专业学位人才培养模式的构建

分析中药学专业学位硕士研究生培养模式的设置意义与存在问题,在借鉴国际先进药学教育培养方式的基础上,提出初步构建我国中药学专业学位研究生培养模式的主要思路与举措。     

三种阿尔茨海默症治疗药物促体外培养小鼠皮层神经元活性的比较

目的 :观察并比较 3种阿尔茨海默症治疗药物盐酸美金刚胺、美曲磷酯及白藜芦醇对体外培养小鼠皮层神经元活性的影响 ,为寻找作用机理更优的先导化合物提供理论依据。方法 :采用体外培养皮层神经元细胞的方法 ,解剖分离 15d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞 ,接种于 96孔板 ,4 8h后加药并培养72h ,相差显微镜及免疫组织细胞化学方法进行形态学观察 ,并以MTT法观察 3种药物对小鼠皮层神经元活性的影响。结果 :盐酸美金刚胺显著促进小鼠皮层神经元活性 ,并呈现出一定的量效关系 ;美曲磷酯 10pmol·L-1,0 .1,1,10nmol·L-1剂量组对皮层神经元细胞活性没有影响 ,而美曲磷酯 0 .1,1μmol·L-1剂量组显著抑制皮层神经元细胞活性 ;0 .1nmol·L-1白藜芦醇显著促进皮层神经元细胞活性 ,而白藜芦醇 0 .1,1,10 μmol·L-1剂量组显著抑制皮层神经元细胞活性。结论 :盐酸美金刚胺促小鼠皮层神经元活性较高 ,故以其为先导化合物设计药效更高的阿尔茨海默症治疗药物的方案是可行的。     

人血浆中西酞普兰的HPLC-荧光法测定

建立了HPLC-荧光法测定人血浆中西酞普兰的浓度.血浆样品经液-液萃取后测定,用Zorbax SB C8色谱柱,磷酸二氢铵缓冲液(pH 3.5)-乙腈(65:35)为流动相,激发波长240 nm,发射波长302 nm.血浆中西酞普兰线性范围为1～100ng/ml,最低定量浓度为1ng/ml,日内、日间RSD均小于4.0%,方法平均回收率为93.2%.     

钳刮术前海藻棒软化扩张宫颈的临床应用

目的:探讨孕11～14周行人工流产术前安全有效的扩宫准备方法。方法:孕妇钳刮术前日置一次性宫颈扩张棒,24h内取出后常规行钳刮加吸引术,术后肌注缩宫素10IU,观察人工流产综合征、宫颈裂伤、子宫穿孔、漏吸(刮)、羊水栓塞等并发症的发生情况。结果:置入海藻棒后40例孕妇宫颈扩张充分,可顺利置入9号、10号金属扩张器,无需再用力扩宫;无人工流产综合征、宫颈裂伤、子宫穿孔、漏吸(刮)、羊水栓塞等并发症的发生;钳刮吸引流产术成功率100%。结论:海藻棒用于钳刮术前软化扩张宫颈是安全有效的。     

Plasma Vitamin B12 and Folate Alter the Association of Blood Lead and Cadmium and Total Urinary Arsenic Levels with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Taiwanese Population

Heavy metals causing chronic nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study hypothesized that plasma folate and vitamin B₁₂ would modify the association of CKD with total urinary arsenic and blood lead and cadmium levels. We recruited 220 patients with CKD who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m² for ≥3 consecutive months and 438 sex- and age-matched controls. We performed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure blood cadmium and lead levels. The urinary arsenic level was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography–hydride generator–atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma vitamin B₁₂ and folate levels were measured through the SimulTRAC-SNB radioassay. Compared with patients with plasma vitamin B₁₂ ≤ 6.27 pg/mL, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of CKD for patients with plasma vitamin B₁₂ > 9.54 pg/mL was 2.02 (1.15–3.55). However, no association was observed between plasma folate concentration and CKD. A high level of plasma vitamin B₁₂ combined with high levels of blood lead and cadmium level and total urinary arsenic tended to increase the OR of CKD in a dose-response manner, but the interactions were nonsignificant. This is the first study to demonstrate that patients with high plasma vitamin B₁₂ level exhibit increased OR of CKD related to high levels of blood cadmium and lead and total urinary arsenic.     

Polymorphism of inflammatory genes and arsenic methylation capacity are associated with urothelial carcinoma

Chronic exposure to arsenic can generate reactive oxidative species, which can induce certain proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of various cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the joint effect of the polymorphism of TNF-α − 308 G/A, IL-6 − 174 G/C, IL-8 − 251 T/A and urinary arsenic profiles on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. This study evaluated 300 pathologically-confirmed cases of UC and 594 cancer-free controls. Urinary arsenic species were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-linked hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry. The polymorphism of TNF-α − 308 G/A, IL-6 − 174 G/C and IL-8 − 251 T/A was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The joint effects on UC risk were estimated by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using unconditional logistic regression. We found that the TNF-α − 308 A/A and IL-8 − 251 T/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with UC. Moreover, significant dose–response joint effect of TNF-α − 308 A/A or IL-8 − 251 T/T genotypes and arsenic methylation indices were seen to affect UC risk. The present results also showed a significant increase in UC risk in subjects with the IL-8 − 251 T/T genotype for each SD increase in urinary total arsenic and MMA%. In contrast, a significant decrease in UC risk was found in subjects who carried the IL-8 − 251 T/T genotype for each SD increase in DMA%.     

New lignan glycosides from Cupressus duclouxian (Cupessaceae)

From the branches and leaves of Cupressus duclouxiana two new lignan glycosides named cupressoside A (1) and cupressoside B (2), together with matairesinoside (3), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (6), ( ? )-isolariciresinol (7) and ( ? )-isolariciresinol-9-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (8), were isolated. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their HR-FAB-MS, IR, UV, ¹H and ¹³C NMR (DEPT), and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectral data.