COPD机械通气病人下呼吸道感染致病菌分布特点

①目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)病人机械通气后下呼吸道感染致病菌的特点。②方法 取32例COPD并发呼吸衰竭行机械通气病人下呼吸道分泌物做痰细菌学培养，同时做药物敏感试验。③结果 32例病人共分离出菌株76株，阳性率71．7％，其中混合感染10例次。其中革兰阴性杆菌(GNB)58株，占76．3％；阳性球菌10株，占13．2％；真菌8株，占10．5％。常见致病菌以铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎杆菌为主，GNB中铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌的耐药率高。④结论 COPD应用机械通气病人下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主，耐药性高。     

Targeted Thrombolytic Therapy

Venous and arterial thrombosis are closely related to many severe diseases, especially to cardiovascular and cerebrovasular disorders. Thrombolytic therapy has been proven to be an effective method to treat such disease, which decreased the mortality and morbidity greatly.     

荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流

目的探讨采用荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流的可行性，并初步观察静脉回流规律。方法20只新西兰大白兔，每只取耳静脉血0．ImL，分离RBC并用FITC标记。流式细胞仪检测已标记的RBC阳性率及荧光强度，倒置荧光显微镜观察其形态。取20只新西兰大白兔，在动物双侧后肢内侧分别建立4cm×3cm隐动、静脉逆行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10）和顺行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10），血管蒂长3cm。将一侧后肢随机设定为实验组，皮瓣制备后注射已标记的RBC悬液5pL；对侧为对照组，不注射示踪剂。实验组按顺行和逆行皮瓣分成两组，即顺行皮瓣组和逆行皮瓣组，每组10个；再根据注入示踪剂途径不同，分为动脉和静脉2个亚组，每亚组5个皮瓣。注射示踪剂5S后取下皮瓣立即冷冻，取连续的3张冰冻切片（5～7pm），其中2张行HE染色和GENMED染色，另]张不染色直接压片，荧光显微镜观察荧光分布。结果流式细胞仪分析FITC标记的RBC阳性率在99％以上，荧光强度均≥10。；倒置荧光显微镜下标记的RBC呈均匀分布的绿色荧光，荧光强度均匀、稳定。冰冻切片显示实验组皮瓣蒂部均出现荧光，对照组未见荧光。顺行岛状皮瓣组荧光主要分布在静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜；逆行岛状皮瓣组荧光分布在动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁。结论荧光示踪剂可用于静脉回流研究，顺行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜回流；逆行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁的“迷宫式途径”回流。     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤35例临床分析

目的总结后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床经验.方法采用后腹腔镜切除肾上腺肿瘤35例,男12例,女23例.年龄25岁～72岁,平均49.8岁.左侧15例,右侧20例.其中嗜铬细胞瘤5例,原发性醛固酮增多症10,柯兴氏病2例,神经节细胞瘤2例,无功能性腺瘤16例.腰部取3个套管针穿刺入路,用自制的水囊扩张器扩张后腹腔,用超声刀将肿瘤切除.结果 35例手术均成功,无中转开放手术病例.术中出血量10～500 ml,平均74 ml.病人均未输血.手术时间45～200 min,平均90 min.结论后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤手术效果确切,手术时间短,术中出血少,损伤小,术后恢复快,可以替代绝大多数肾上腺肿瘤开放手术.     

Synthesis and Purine P2X Receptor Antagonist Activity of Thiazole Derivatives

The ability of 12 new thiazole derivatives to influence the muscle contractility mediated by purine P2X receptors has been studied in vitro using isolated tissues of rats and guinea pigs. Most of the synthesized compounds did not cause significant effects, but two compounds exhibited pronounced antagonism with respect to P2X-mediated contractility response. These compounds offer a good starting point for the synthesis of new effective antagonists of P2 receptors. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 22 – 25, June, 2005.     

Effect of kanamycin on the cochleas in guinea pigs

Kanamycin (400 mg/kg) was injected daily for 5 days in guinea pigs, the changes in CM and AP responses were recorded. The CM threshold was elevated in 34.5% of the animals and the CM amplitude was reduced when compared with normal animals (P less than 0.005). The AP threshold was elevated in 13.8%. The latency of N1 was increased (P less than 0.001) and the amplitude of N1 reduced at 80 dB (S-L) (P less than 0.001).cAMP and cGMP levels in the organ of Corti and stria vascularis spiral ligament decreased, and the decrease correlated with the changes in auditory function. We consider the reduction of cyclic nucleotides in the cochlea may be important in kanamycin ototoxicity.