Developing microsatellite markers for Geodorum eulophioides (Orchidaceae) and cross-species amplification in two sympatric,congeneric species

Geodorum (Orchidaceae) has approximately ten species, and is mainly distributed in tropical Asia. Among them, Geodorum eulophioides Schltr. is of major conservation concern as it has only four known populations, two each found in China and others in Burma. In this study, we developed 18 polymorphic microsatellites markers in G. eulophioides with the number of alleles ranging from two to 17. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.046 to 0.918 and from 0.048 to 1.0000, respectively. The cross-species amplification rates for the sympatric G. recurvum (Roxb.) Alston and G. densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. were 100 and 83.33 %, respectively. These markers developed would be useful for conservation and population genetic studies.     

Impact of positive surgical margins and their locations after radical prostatectomy: comparison of biochemical recurrence according to risk stratification and surgical modality

Purpose

We investigated the influence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) and their locations on biochemical recurrence (BCR) according to risk stratification and surgical modality.

Methods

A total of 1,874 post-radical-prostatectomy (RP) patients of pT2–T3a between 2000 and 2010 at three tertiary centers, and who did not receive neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, were included in this study. Patients were stratified according to BCR risk: low risk (PSA <10, pT2a-b, and pGS ≤6), intermediate risk (PSA 10–20 and/or pT2c and/or pGS 7), and high risk (PSA >20 or pT3a or pGS 8–10). The median follow-up was 43 months.

Results

PSMs were a significant predictor of BCR in both the intermediate- and high-risk-disease groups (P = .001, HR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.3–3.4; P < .001, HR 2.8, 95 % CI 2.0–4.1). Positive apical margin was a significant risk factor for BCR in high-risk disease (P = .003, HR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.2–3.3), but not in intermediate-risk disease (P = .06, HR 1.7, 95 % CI 0.9–3.1). Positive bladder neck margin was a significant risk factor for BCR in both intermediate- and high-risk disease (P < .001, HR 5.4, 95 % CI 2.1–13.8; P = .001, HR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.8–11.4). In subgroup analyses, robotic RP provided comparable BCR-free survival regardless of risk stratification. Patients with PSMs showed similar BCR-free survival between open and robotic RP (log-rank, P = .897).

Conclusions

Post-RP PSMs were a significantly independent predictor of disease progression in high-risk disease as well as intermediate-risk disease. Both positive apical and bladder neck margins are also significant risk factors of BCR in high-risk disease. Patients with PSMs showed similar BCR-free survival between open and robotic surgery.     

影响术后机械通气患者撤机的相关参数分析

目的：探讨影响术后机械通气患者呼吸机撤离的相关参数,寻找具有预测价值的指标,为指导临床撤机时机提供依据。方法：选择术后机械通气后准备撤机的患者68例,记录撤机开始时的血流动力学指标,包括心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）;呼吸力学指标,包括呼吸频率（RR）、潮气量（VT）、分钟通气量（MV）、浅快呼吸指数（RSBI）、肺顺应性（Crs）、气道峰压（Ppeak）、气道闭合压（P0.1）;血气分析指标,包括血乳酸浓度（lac）、动脉血pH值（pHa）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）,并计算氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）;胃黏膜酸度包括胃黏膜pH值（pHi）、胃黏膜二氧化碳分压（PgCO2）。低水平（5-8 cmH2O）压力支持通气下行60 min自主呼吸实验,按撤机结果分为撤机成功组和撤机失败组。应用SPSS12.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析,采用χ2检验和t检验筛选与撤机有关的阳性指标,采用Logistic回归分析阳性指标中与撤机相关的参数。结果：68例术后机械通气患者完成了本实验,其中撤机成功患者42例,撤机成功率为61.8%。单因素分析表明,RR、VT、RSBI、Ppeak、pHi、PgCO2是与撤机有关的阳性指标（P〈0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析表明,RSBI、P0.1、pHi是影响撤机的相关参数（P〈0.05）。结论：RR、VT、RSBI、Ppeak、pHi、PgCO2是与撤机有关的阳性指标,而RSBI、P0.1、pHi是影响撤机的相关参数。     

Apoptosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell (CAL-27) induced by Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites

Objective

To study the effect of Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites on viability of CAL-27 cells and apoptosis in CAL-27 cells.

Methods

Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites 1 and 2 (LM1 and LM2) were obtained by culturing Lactobacillus sp. A-2 in reconstituted whey medium and whey-inulin medium; the cultured CAL-27 cells were treated with different concentrations of LM1 and LM2 (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 mg/mL) and assayed by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) method; morphological changes of apoptotic cell were observed under fluorescence microscopy by acridine orange (Ao) fluorescent staining; flow cytometry method (FCM) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to detect the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells treated LM1 and LM2.

Results

The different concentrations of LM1 and LM2 could restrain the growth of CAL-27 cells, and in a dose-dependent manner; the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells was obviously induced and was time-dependent.

Conclusions

Viability of CAL-27 cells was inhibited by Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites; Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites could induce CAL-27 cells apoptosis; study on the bioactive compounds in the Lactobacillus sp. A-2 metabolites and their molecular mechanism is in progress.