全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5732篇 |
免费 | 239篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 58篇 |
儿科学 | 71篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 624篇 |
口腔科学 | 95篇 |
临床医学 | 346篇 |
内科学 | 1779篇 |
皮肤病学 | 63篇 |
神经病学 | 285篇 |
特种医学 | 218篇 |
外科学 | 1042篇 |
综合类 | 29篇 |
预防医学 | 184篇 |
眼科学 | 127篇 |
药学 | 285篇 |
中国医学 | 9篇 |
肿瘤学 | 769篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 172篇 |
2020年 | 63篇 |
2019年 | 84篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 83篇 |
2016年 | 134篇 |
2015年 | 122篇 |
2014年 | 178篇 |
2013年 | 225篇 |
2012年 | 350篇 |
2011年 | 379篇 |
2010年 | 227篇 |
2009年 | 200篇 |
2008年 | 339篇 |
2007年 | 395篇 |
2006年 | 347篇 |
2005年 | 347篇 |
2004年 | 358篇 |
2003年 | 342篇 |
2002年 | 333篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 103篇 |
1999年 | 105篇 |
1998年 | 90篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 60篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6009条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Koeneman KS Kao C Ko SC Yang L Wada Y Kallmes DF Gillenwater JY Zhau HE Chung LW Gardner TA 《World journal of urology》2000,18(2):102-110
52.
Absence of p53 Overexpression and Favorable Response to Cisplatin-based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinomas 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yoshiyuki Kakehi Enver Özdemir Tomonori Habuchi Hirohiko Yamabe Takayuki Hashimura Yoshitaka Katsura Osamu Yoshida 《Cancer science》1998,89(2):214-220
It has been controversial whether cancer cells harboring loss or inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 are resistant or sensitive to DNA-damaging agents including cisplatin and doxorubicin. Overexpression of mdm2 oncoprotein, a negative regulator of p53, is assumed to be an alternative to p53 dysfunction. Archival urothelial carcinoma specimens obtained from 60 patients prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy were immunohistochemically studied for overexpression of p53 and mdm2. Thirty-two patients (group I) were treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, while 28 patients (group II) underwent chemotherapy for distant metastases or inoperable locoregional tumors. In group I, the responsiveness was correlated with staining status of p53 ( P =0.0225) and the combination of p53 and mdm2 ( P =0.0497). Negative staining of p53 and negative for both p53 and mdm2 could have predicted favorable response to chemotherapy in 16 of 18 (88.9%) and in 12 of 13 (92.3%) tumors, respectively. On the other hand, p53-positive and p53 and/or mdm2-positive staining could have predicted poor response only in 7 of 14 (50.0%) and 8 of 19 (42.1%) tumors, respectively. Disease-specific survival of the p53-negative group was significantly superior to that of the p53-positive group ( P =0.0086). Difference in survival did not become more significant when overexpression of mdm2 was taken into consideration ( P =0.0456). In contrast, in group II, there was no correlation of responsiveness to chemotherapy or survival with p53- or p53/mdm2-staining status. The patients with urothelial carcinomas negative for overexpression of p53 will benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. From clinical viewpoint, however, p53 status alone or the combination of p53 and mdm2 status is not enough to identify those patients who will not benefit from the treatment. 相似文献
53.
Hiroshi Arai Takaaki Beppu Tukasa Wada Yuuki Yoshida Yoshitaka Kubo Michiyasu Suzuki Akira Ogawa 《Brain tumor pathology》1998,15(1):37-40
We investigated factors of the early recurrence and malignant transformation of histologically benign meningiomas using immunohistochemistry
for MIB-1 positive indices (PI) and p53 protein expression, a flow cytometric DNA analysis, and the examination of numerical
chromosomal aberrations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization using an α-satellite DNA probe and abcr gene locus-specific probe. Twenty-six meningiomas of 23 patients were classified into two groups: the 3 patients in whom
a recurrence was defined within two years after initial surgery and who showed histologically malignant features were classified
as the early recurrent group, and the other 20 patients in whom recurrence did not develop during the same period were classified
as the nonrecurrent group. DNA aneuploidy was observed in 40% of the nonrecurrent patients and in 67% of the early recurrent
patients. Loss of chromosome 22 was the most common numerical aberration, but the aberrations characteristic of early recurrent
meningiomas were not detected. The MIB-1 PI values of the early recurrent meningiomas were higher than those of nonrecurrent
meningiomas, suggesting that MIB-1 PI is very important for biological and histopathological analyses and prediction of the
future recurrence of meningiomas. 相似文献
54.
Summary ? Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness and problems with spinal motor evoked potential (MEP) recording, especially
the reasons for failed recording. We report our personal experience over the last 8 years in patients with lesions adjacent
to the primary motor cortex.
Methods. MEP records of 50 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. MEP was recorded by a catheter electrode inserted in
the cervical epidural space. Stimulation electrodes were placed on the cortical surface during surgery. SEP recording was
also performed in 29 of 50 patients.
Results. MEP was obtained in 40 cases, and SEP was recorded in all 29 cases. The central sulcus was identified in 93% of patients
in whom both MEP and SEP were performed, whereas in only 86% of patients who underwent only MEP. The main reason for MEP failure
were inadequate exposure of the motor cortex, pre-existing hemiparesis and technical errors. Postoperative deterioration of
motor function was closely related to intra-operative MEP changes.
Conclusion. MEP is a useful tool to determine the motor cortex and to predict postoperative motor function. However, precise pre-operative
craniotomy planning and combination with intra-operative SEP is essential to reduce the MEP failure. 相似文献
55.
Hirata K He JW Kuraoka A Omata Y Hirata M Islam AT Noguchi M Kawabuchi M 《The European journal of neuroscience》2000,12(11):4147-4152
Schwann cells participate in myelin phagocytosis in the early stage of Wallerian degeneration, prior to the recruitment of macrophages. This is the first report that Schwann cells induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a 32-kDa heat shock protein, only when they have transformed into myelin-phagocytosing cells from myelinating cells (days 2-3) immediately after crush injury of rat sciatic nerves. Double immunofluorescent labelling for HO-1 and transferrin receptors revealed that HO-1-immunoreactive Schwann cells also expressed transferrin receptors suggesting activation of iron metabolism. The transient induction of HO-1 in Schwann cells may contribute to the adaptive function in an altered environment when the cells have lost contact with axons, and may play a crucial role in the ensuing regeneration. 相似文献
56.
Shin-ichi Fukumoto Naoko Yamauchi Hisashi Moriguchi Yoshitaka Hippo Akira Watanabe Junji Shibahara Hirokazu Taniguchi Shumpei Ishikawa Hirotaka Ito Shogo Yamamoto Hiroko Iwanari Mitsugu Hironaka Yuichi Ishikawa Toshiro Niki Yasunori Sohara Tatsuhiko Kodama Masaharu Nishimura Masashi Fukayama Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita Hiroyuki Aburatani 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(5):1776-1785
PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the lung are currently subject to similar treatment regimens despite distinct differences in histology and epidemiology. The aim of this study is to identify a molecular target with diagnostic and therapeutic values for SCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Genes specifically up-regulated in SCC were explored through microarray analysis of 5 SCCs, 5 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell lung carcinomas, 27 normal tissues, and 40 cancer cell lines. Clinical usefulness of these genes was subsequently examined mainly by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Seven genes, including aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (AKR1B10), were identified as SCC-specific genes. AKR1B10 was further examined by immunohistochemical analysis of 101 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and its overexpression was observed in 27 of 32 (84.4%) SCCs and 19 of 65 (29.2%) adenocarcinomas. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking was an independent variable responsible for AKR1B10 overexpression in NSCLCs (P < 0.01) and adenocarcinomas (P < 0.01). AKR1B10 staining was occasionally observed even in squamous metaplasia, a precancerous lesion of SCC. CONCLUSION: AKR1B10 was overexpressed in most cases with SCC, which is closely associated with smoking, and many adenocarcinoma cases of smokers. These results suggest that AKR1B10 is a potential diagnostic marker specific to smokers' NSCLCs and might be involved in tobacco-related carcinogenesis. 相似文献
57.
Rushika M Perera Yoshitaka Narita Frank B Furnari Hui K Gan Carmel Murone Marika Ahlkvist Rodney B Luwor Antony W Burgess Elisabeth Stockert Achim A Jungbluth Lloyd J Old Webster K Cavenee Andrew M Scott Terrance G Johns 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(17):6390-6399
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 806 is a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody with significant antitumor activity that recognizes a mutant EGFR commonly expressed in glioma known as delta2-7 EGFR (de2-7 EGFR or EGFRvIII) and a subset of the wild-type (wt) EGFR found in cells that overexpress the receptor. We have used two human xenograft mouse models to examine the efficacy of mAb 806 in combination with mAb 528, a prototypical anti-EGFR antibody with similar specificity to cetuximab. Treatment of nude mice, bearing s.c. or i.c. tumor human xenografts expressing the wt or de2-7 EGFR, with mAbs 806 and 528 in combination resulted in additive and in some cases synergistic, antitumor activity. Interestingly, mAb 528 was also effective against xenografts expressing the ligand independent de2-7 EGFR when used as a single agent, showing that its antitumor activity is not merely mediated through inhibition of ligand binding. When used as single agents, neither mAbs 806 or 528 induced down-regulation of the de2-7 EGFR either in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, the combination of antibodies produced a rapid and dramatic decrease in the total cell surface de2-7 EGFR both in vitro and in xenografts. Consistent with this decrease in total cell surface de2-7 EGFR, we observed up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(KIP1) and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation as measured by Ki-67 immunostaining when the antibodies were used in combination in vivo. Thus, mAb 806 can synergize with other EGFR-specific antibodies thereby providing a rationale for its translation into the clinic. 相似文献
58.
We investigated the correlation between clinical severity and striatal [123I]-CIT binding in 12 patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD: 6 men and 6 women, age: 65 +/- 7 years, Hoehn & Yahr stage: 1 to 3). The clinical severity of PD patients was measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) after withdrawal of antiparkinsonian medication at least 12 hours before assessment. [123I]beta-CIT binding in the caudate and putamen was measured at 3 hours [V'3 (day 1)], and at 24 hours [V'3 (day 2)) after tracer injection with small square ROIs. The specific striatal uptake index (day 2) was calculated with large square ROIs that encompassed the whole striatum. The best correlation (r = -0.82, p < 0.0012) was between putamenal V'3 (day 2) and the motor UPDRS scores. When the motor UPDRS scores were divided into four subscales, bradykinesia was the only sign that correlated significantly with putamenal V'3 (day 2) (r = -0.81, p < 0.002). [123I]beta-CIT SPECT is a useful marker of disease severity in PD with potential utility in the serial monitoring of disease progression. 相似文献
59.
Saburo Omata Kenji Sakimura Hidemi Tsubaki Hiroshi Sugano 《Toxicology and applied pharmacology》1978,44(2):367-378
Rats were given daily sc injections of methylmercury chloride, 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. The manifestation of the neurological syndrome in the rat and the accumulation of mercury in rat tissues resembled the observations of previous investigators. The incorporation in vitro of [14C]leucine into brain protein began to decrease during the latent period of intoxication and declined to 56% of the control values at the symptomatic period. The incorporation of [14C]leucine into liver protein was also inhibited to a similar extent at the symptomatic period following a remarkable stimulation at the early stage after the onset of administration of methylmercury. The impairment of protein synthesis in the brain and liver at the symptomatic period was confirmed by the incorporation in vivo of a 14C-labeled amino acid mixture into proteins of these tissues. The decrease in the [14C]leucine incorporation in the liver of poisoned rats was largely affected by nutritional deficiency due to decreased food intake, but that in the brain resulted from the direct effect of methylmercury on this tissue. 相似文献
60.
Kubota Y Yano Y Seki S Takada K Sakuma M Morimoto T Akaike A Hiraide A 《American journal of pharmaceutical education》2011,75(3):43