髁突形态与骨性Ⅲ类不同垂直骨面型患者生长发育的相关性

目的:探讨髁突形态与骨性Ⅲ类不同垂直骨面型患者生长发育的关系。方法:采用计算机辅助X线头影测量技术,对不同年龄组骨性Ⅲ类不同垂直骨面型患者的全口曲面断层片进行测量,比较各组间髁突形态特点。结果:高角患者中:升支高度(RH)值在不同年龄段均有显著性差异(P<0.001),成人组>青少年组>儿童组(P<0.05);髁突上部高度(h)值、h/RH值、H/W值在不同年龄组中有显著性差异(P<0.05),且成人组分别大于青少年组和儿童组。均角患者中:h值、RH值均有显著性差异(P<0.001),且成人组分别大于青少年组和儿童组;h/RH值、H/W值在各年龄段间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。低角患者中:h值、RH值在各组中均有显著性差异(P<0.001),且成人组分别大于青少年组和儿童组;h/RH值在各年龄段间无统计学差异(P>0.05);H/W值在不同年龄组间有显著性差异(P<0.01),且儿童组和成人组分别大于青少年组。结论:髁突形态在骨性Ⅲ类不同垂直骨面型患者生长发育过程中存在差异,这可能与他们不同的生长型有关。     

Metal ion release from new and recycled stainless steel brackets

As orthodontic appliances can corrode with time in the oral environment, the aim of this study was to compare the release of metal ions from new and recycled brackets immersed in buffers of different pH values over a 48 week period. To simulate commercial recycling, the stainless steel brackets were divided into two groups: new and recycled. The bases of the latter were coated with adhesive and the brackets were heat treated before being immersed in the test solution for 48 weeks. The release of nickel, chromium, iron, copper, cobalt and manganese ions was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Differences were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that recycled brackets released more ions than new brackets (P < 0.05). Brackets immersed in solutions of pH 4 released more ions than those immersed in solutions of pH 7, and the total amount of ions released increased with time over the 48 week period (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that both new and recycled brackets will corrode in the oral environment. To avoid clinical side-effects, metal brackets should be made more resistant to corrosion, and recycled brackets should not be used.     

Zygomaticomandibularis muscle

The aim of this study was to elucidate the precise anatomy of the zygomaticomandibularis muscle through cadaveric dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Five fresh human cadavers and 10 fixed cadavers were dissected. Nine preserved human cadavers were used for the MRI study. Four volunteers took MRIs of their head as well. Zygomaticomandibularis muscle was found in all the cadaveric specimens. It is a fan shaped muscle. The length of the muscle is 25.1 +/- 4.6 mm, and the width at the zygomatic arch is 16.6 +/- 4.2 mm. The thickness is approximately 4.8 +/- 1.9 mm. It originates from the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia approximately 1 cm above the zygomatic arch and is inserted into the superior border and outer surface of the mandible between the coronoid process and mandibular notch. The deepest layer of the masseter muscle covers the lateral surface of zygomaticomandibularis. We believe that this muscle functions as coordinator of the temporalis and masseter in mammals with strong masticatory power but is a degraded or rudimentary muscle in humans.     

非接触式三维图像检测系统测量牙齿咬合面磨损的初步研究

目的　使用新研制的非接触式三维图像检测系统对健康人牙齿咬合面的磨损情况进行定量测定。方法　选择 32名牙列完整的健康中老年人 5年前后的牙颌模型 ,用统一方法确定个体参照平面和上颌第一恒磨牙测量范围 ,用非接触式三维图像检测系统测量研究对象 5年内上颌第一恒磨牙咬合面的磨损量和平均磨损速度。结果　 5年内上颌第一恒磨牙咬合面的磨损情况 :以高度平均值变化为指标 ,平均磨损量为 0 2 93mm ,平均每年磨损速度为 0 0 5 9mm ;以体积变化为指标 ,平均磨损量为 97 881mm3 ,平均磨损速度为 19 5 76mm3 /年。结论　非接触式三维图像检测系统及相关的必要设置 ,可作为测量健康人牙齿磨损情况的有效工具。其个别设置条件尚待进一步改进     

Creating an effective PBL case in oral and maxillofacial surgery at a Chinese dental school: a dental education primer

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a widely accepted educational method centered on the discussion and learning that emerge from a clinically based problem; however, little has been reported on the details of PBL case-writing in the dental education literature. This article outlines some principles of writing a PBL case as it is practiced at a Chinese dental school and presents, as an example, an actual case based on a clinical problem (ameloblastoma of the jaw) intended to provide a learning focus for predoctoral dental students. A good PBL case should allow for progressive, interdependent actions to be taken in the evaluation and overall management of the patient in context and should trigger inquiry and discussion among students in both the basic sciences (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathophysiology, etc.) and related clinical sciences. The epidemiological, sociological, and ethical considerations related to each problem should also be emphasized as an essential component of effective health care provision.     

Establishment of cell free conversion system with biotin-labelled recombinant PrPsen expressed in E. coli

Objective To report a protocol using biotin-labelled PrP protein in cell free conversion assay instead of isotope. Methods A hamster PrP protein （HaPrP） was expressed in E. coli and purified with HIS-tag affinity chromatograph. After being labelled with biotin, HaPrP was mixed with PrP^sen preparation from scrapie strain 263K. Results Protease-resistant bands were detected after four-day incubation. Conclusion The new conversion model provides a reliable, easily handling, and environment-friendly method for studies of prion and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.     

普及心脏康复基层指南,提高基层心血管疾病管理能力

我国心血管疾病人群有3.3亿人,农村地区不仅患病率仍呈上升趋势,死亡率也高于城市,提示我国亟须加强心血管疾病的预防和康复治疗,而且重点在基层农村地区。心脏康复是目前指南推荐的心血管疾病慢性期最佳的治疗方案,基层医院应是心血管疾病预防和康复治疗的主要场所,是心血管疾病管理成败的关键环节。制定适合基层医院使用的心脏康复指南,将有利于心脏康复在基层的推广普及,《冠心病心脏康复基层指南(2020年)》正是在这一背景下应运而生。本文对指南的特点进行介绍,并阐述在基层推广心脏康复存在的障碍和策略。     

Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

Comparative Study of the Genetic Diversity,Antimicrobial Resistance,and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Isolates from Clinical Patients and Healthy Individuals

Objective This study was performed to compare the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas strains isolated from patients and healthy individuals. Methods A total of 38 clinical strains and 19 strains from healthy individuals were isolated from the samples collected in Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province. Their taxonomy was investigated using concatenated gyrB-cpn60 sequences, and their resistance to 12 antibiotics was evaluated. The pathogenicity of these strains was examined through beta-hemolysis, protease activity, and virulence gene assays. Results The 57 Aeromonas strains were divided into 55 sequence types. Of these types, 21 were novel, suggesting that their genetic diversity was high. These Aeromonas isolates could be divided into 7 species, and the positive rates of beta-hemolysis and protease activity were 49.1％ and 73.7％, respectively. The detection rate of clinical patients in terms of beta-hemolysis and protease activity was higher than that of healthy individuals. Among the four most common Aeromonas strains, A. dhakensis had the highest detection rate of virulence genes. The multidrug resistance rate of the clinical isolates was much higher than that of the strains isolated from healthy individuals. Conclusions The taxonomy, virulence properties, and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas isolates from patients differ from those of the isolates from healthy individuals.