脂联素、同型半胱氨酸在退行性心瓣膜病患者中的水平变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨老年退行性心瓣膜病患者脂联素及同型半胱氨酸的水平变化及其意义。方法:选择老年退行性心瓣膜病患者80例作为观察组,健康者60例作为对照组。比较组间脂联素、同型半胱氨酸水平差异,分析其与瓣膜病变程度、瓣膜病变数量之间的关系。结果:观察组血清脂联素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);随着瓣膜病变数量增多及返流程度加重,脂联素水平进行性下降(P<0.05),同型半胱氨酸水平进行性升高(P<0.05)。结论:低脂联素血症及高同型半胱氨酸血症可能是老年退行性心瓣膜病的危险因素。     

用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的神经肽Y及其受体Y1-6检测方法的初步设想

神经肽Y（NPY）作为机体内一种主要的神经递质和能量调控因子，广泛参与机体各种生理功能的调节，是维持机体内环境稳态的重要物质之一。随着对其研究的不断深入，人们发现它可通过与特定靶细胞膜上不同NPY受体Y1-6的特异性结合而启动并激活相应细胞信号传导通路，从而参与对机体生理功能和靶细胞增殖分化的调控，且NPY及其受体在体内的表达水平又可影响机体的正常生理功能、细胞代谢活动、以及这种改变所诱导或促进或参与的某些老年性疾病的发生、发展及转归，并对相关药物的防治带来明显影响。因此，对NPY及其受体含量的检测项目已成为相关老年性疾病与合并症的发病机制分析、疾病进程观察、治疗效果评价、疾病痊愈判断及预后跟踪随访的重要辅助诊断指标之一。为此，本文通过对可用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的NPY及其受体检测的酶联免疫吸附法、放射免疫测定法、荧光免疫检测法、化学发光免疫分析法、免疫组织化学法、压电石英晶片免疫传感器法、免疫印迹法、斑点免疫层析及胶体金法、受体放射配基结合分析法、放射自显影法、液体芯片技术、微粒子酶免分析法等进行NPY及其受体检测方法的综述，并提出前瞻性设想和设计，希望这些用于检测NPY及其受体指标的方法能为未来老年医学的研究和临床应用奠定基础。     

Matrigel‐Based Sprouting Endothelial Cell Culture System from Mouse Corpus Cavernosum Is Potentially Useful for the Study of Endothelial and Erectile Dysfunction Related to High‐Glucose Exposure

IntroductionA proper cavernous endothelial cell culture system would be advantageous for the study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction (ED).AimTo establish a nonenzymatic technique, which we termed the “Matrigel‐based sprouting endothelial cell culture system,” for the isolation of mouse cavernous endothelial cells (MCECs) and an in vitro model that mimics in vivo situation for diabetes‐induced ED.MethodsFor primary MCEC culture, mouse cavernous tissue was implanted into Matrigel and sprouting cells from the tissue were subcultivated. To establish an in vitro model for diabetes‐induced ED, the primary cultured MCECs were exposed to a normal‐glucose (5 mmoL) or a high‐glucose (30 mmoL) condition for 48 hours.Main Outcome MeasuresThe purity of isolated cells was determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. MCECs incubated under the normal‐ or the high‐glucose condition were used for Western blot, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) quantification, and in vitro angiogenesis assay.ResultsWe could consistently isolate high‐purity MCECs (about 97%) with the Matrigel‐based sprouting endothelial cell culture system. MCECs were subcultured up to the fifth passage and no significant changes were noted in endothelial cell morphology or purity. The phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and the cGMP concentration were significantly lower in MCECs exposed to high glucose than in those exposed to normal glucose. MCECs exposed to the normal‐glucose condition formed well‐organized capillary‐like structures, whereas derangements in tube formation were noted in MCECs exposed to high glucose. The protein expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and phospho‐Smad2 was significantly increased by exposure to high glucose.ConclusionThe Matrigel‐based sprouting endothelial cell culture system is a simple, technically feasible, and reproducible technique for isolating pure cavernous endothelial cells in mice. An in vitro model for diabetic ED will be a valuable tool for evaluating the angiogenic potential of novel endogenous or synthetic modulators. Yin GN, Ryu J‐K, Kwon M‐H, Shin SH, Jin HR, Song K‐M, Choi MJ, Kang D‐Y, Kim WJ, and Suh J‐K. Matrigel‐based sprouting endothelial cell culture system from mouse corpus cavernosum is potentially useful for the study of endothelial and erectile dysfunction related to high‐glucose exposure. J Sex Med 2012;9:1777–1789.     

The susceptibility of T5-TG12 of theCFTR gene in chronic bronchitis occurrence in a Chinese population in Jiangsu province,China

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR) gene have been implicated in the onset of cystic fibrosis and other clinical respiratory disorders.In the present study,we investigated the role of CFTR variations,poly-T,TG-repeats,and M470V in susceptibility to bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in a Chinese population in Jiangsu province,China.A total of 72 bronchial asthma patients,68 chronic bronchitis patients,and 117 healthy subjects were included in this study.The Tn-TGm haplotype was sequenced and the CFTR variant M470V was detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP).We found that the frequency of T5-TG12-V470 in chronic bronchitis patients was 0.07%,which was notably higher than that in healthy subjects(0.01%) and bronchial asthma patients(0.04%).Thus,the presence of the T5-TG12 haplotype of the CFTR gene is likely to play a role in the development and progression of respiratory conditions,such as chronic bronchitis.     

布比卡因影响小鼠肺泡上皮液体清除的作用机制研究

目的探讨布比卡因对小鼠肺泡液体清除率(AFC)的影响及机制。方法将48只小鼠分为六组。麻醉后经气管插管注入0.3 mL等渗5%小牛血清白蛋白(BSA),对照组、阿米组、布比组、布比+阿米组、特布组及布比+特布组BSA液中分别含有空白液、1 mmol/L阿米洛利、1 mmol/L布比卡因、1 mmol/L布比卡因+1 mmol/L阿米洛利、0.1 mmol/L特布他林及1 mmol/L布比卡因+0.1 mmol/L特布他林。注射30 min后负压吸取肺泡内液体,测定小牛血清白蛋白浓度,计算AFC。结果与对照组比较,布比组、阿米组及布比+阿米组AFC明显降低,P均<0.05;特布组AFC明显增加,特布+布比组AFC明显高于特布组。结论临床上布比卡因所致急性肺水肿的发生可能与AFC降低,抑制肺泡上皮钠通道有关;特布他林能拮抗布比卡因对AFC的抑制作用。     

盲肠局部坏疽的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨盲肠局部坏疽的诊断和治疗策略。 方法：对收治的12例盲肠局部坏疽的病因、诊断、治疗和预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果：12例中男7例，女5例；平均年龄68.1岁。9例伴糖尿病，7例伴冠心病，11例伴高血压。临床表现为转移性或持续性右下腹痛及右下腹部腹膜刺激征。8例诊断为急性阑尾炎，4例为腹痛待查。均行手术治疗，术中见部分盲肠坏疽,病变直径2~4cm（平均2.7cm），所有患者经探查明确病灶后行回盲部切除。 2例术后切口感染，皆经治疗后顺利康复出院。术后随访8~87个月（平均为56.7个月），其中的7位患者死于心肌梗塞，手术距死亡时间为10~36个月（平均16.3个月），其余5位患者存活至今。 结论：盲肠坏疽是罕见的疾病，诊断困难，必要时应用诊断性腹腔镜探查以及时明确诊断。治疗上应根据具体情况决定是否手术治疗。该病的发生似乎与心肌梗塞有关。