Enhancement of thermoelectric performance of PEDOT:PSS films by post-treatment with a superacid

Several methods such as the addition of a polar solvent, an acid as well as various post-treatments have been used to improve the thermoelectric performance of conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films. This paper reports a method using a superacid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, in methanol to treat PEDO:PSS films to improve their thermoelectric performance. Treatment of PEDOT:PSS films with this superacid in methanol leads to a significant increase in electrical conductivity from 0.7 to 2980 S cm⁻¹ together with a moderate increase in Seebeck coefficient from 17.6 to 21.9 μV K⁻¹, giving a power factor of 142 μW m⁻¹ K⁻², one of the highest values reported in the literature for conductive polymers. The figure of merit (ZT) value is estimated to be 0.19 under optimized conditions. The enhancement of thermoelectric performance, particularly the increase in both electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, is due to the removal of the insulating component and polymer chain realignment giving in turn a denser packing of the conductive PEDOT polymer chains. This post-treatment method would offer an alternative way to improve the thermoelectric performance.

Treatment of PEDOT:PSS films with a superacid results in remarkable improvement of thermoelectric performance with a power factor of 142 μW m⁻¹ K⁻².     

Lithium sulfonate-grafted poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoro propylene) ionomer as binder for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium sulfonate-grafted poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoro propylene) P(VDF-HFP) ionomers are synthesized through covalent attachment of taurine and used as binder for the LiFePO₄ cathode of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). The incorporation of the ionomer binders will add ionic conducting channels inside the electrodes, and prevent electrolyte depletion during rapid charge–discharge processes. It leads to an improved performance of LIBs using the ionomer binders including cycling stability and rate capability compared to that of LIBs using non-ionic binders (PVDF and PVDF-HFP). Therefore, the lithium sulfonate-grafted P(VDF-HFP) ionomers offer a new route to develop high-power LIBs.

Lithium sulfonate-grafted PVDF-HFP was successfully synthesized and used as binder for lithium ion batteries, improving electrochemical performance.     

Efficacy and safety of jakinibs in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Rheumatology - To assess the efficacy and safety of jakinibs for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with an inadequate response or intolerance to conventional...     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定奥拉西坦中乙醇、二氯甲烷和4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯的残留量

目的建立奥拉西坦原料药中乙醇、二氯甲烷及4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯残留量的测定方法。方法采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,色谱柱为Rtx-5型毛细管柱,柱温采用程序升温(40℃保持2 min,以7.0℃·min-1的速率升温至120℃,保持2 min),检测器为氢焰离子化检测器,进样口温度为180℃,检测器温度为200℃,载气为氮气,柱流量为1.0 m L·min-1,分流比为5:1,顶空温度85℃,顶空时间为30 min,顶空进样体积为1 m L。结果 3种溶剂均获得基线分析,在考察的浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率在95.1%~97.6%。结论该方法专属性强、重复性好、结果可靠,适用于奥拉西坦原料药中残留溶剂的测定。     

芪苈强心胶囊与西药联用治疗心衰的临床数据分析

目的:通过对北京医院(以下简称我院)芪苈强心胶囊的总体用药情况及其在治疗慢性心力衰竭方面与西药的联用情况进行回顾性分析,探讨中西药物联用对于治疗慢性心衰的临床价值和不良反应风险,促进药物的安全合理使用。方法:通过我院计算机系统,提取2011—2013年芪苈强心胶囊的用药人数、性别、年龄、用药科室、病种分布及与西药联用的数据,重点分析芪苈强心胶囊和西药强心药的相互作用,探讨中西药物之间是否有相互协同或是相互拮抗的作用关系。结果:芪苈强心胶囊从2011年开始在我院使用,用药人数、金额和频度在2012,2013年有较大增长。用药的大多为老年患者(80%在60岁以上),且以男性居多。用药数量最多为心血管内科,其次为中医科。临床主要用于治疗慢性心衰,并与多种西药联用,其中包括与地高辛等强心药的联用。结论:芪苈强心胶囊的使用主要以西医大夫为主,多用于慢性心衰的治疗,需要注重辨证用药;临床上发现将该药与地高辛联用会导致地高辛血药浓度升高,因此临床药师建议医生谨慎联用这两种药物,并在2013年杜绝了两药的联用。     

7种药物有效血药浓度参考范围的探讨

目的:探讨7种药物的有效血药浓度参考范围。方法:通过咨询已经开展治疗药物监测(TDM)医院的工作人员,查询药品说明书,出版的书籍及检索相关文献,分析能够达到药物治疗目的的最低有效浓度和出现中毒反应的最小中毒浓度,作为临床TDM值的参考范围。结果:初步确定了万古霉素、卡马西平、丙戊酸钠、地高辛、环孢素、他克莫司和吗替麦考酚酯TDM监测指标及其参考范围。结论:药物TDM监测指标参考值可以为临床药师提供参考,给临床医师个体化用药提供了药物调整剂量的依据,确保药物疗效。     

高清胃镜下早期胃癌筛检策略的单中心前瞻性研究

目的　验证高清胃镜下早期胃癌筛检策略的效能。方法　前瞻性纳入2018年12月—2019年1月在解放军总医院第七医学中心行胃镜检查的849例年龄≥35岁的患者。在胃镜检查时,从未感染过幽门螺杆菌者对任何可疑病灶活检;溃疡型病灶于溃疡边缘活检;萎缩区域外,贲门部对白光下呈红色的病灶活检,非贲门部对具有清晰边界或白光下呈白色的病灶活检;萎缩区域内,隆起型病灶中具有清晰边界或顶部有不规则凹陷者活检,平坦/凹陷型病灶中边界不规则或窄带光下呈赭色者活检。此外,可对不符合上述策略但认为有必要活检的任何病灶进行活检。其后根据活检或手术病理,对胃癌高危患者进行胃镜随访,分析该策略对胃部早期肿瘤性病变的检出及漏诊情况,明确该策略的敏感度和阳性预测值。结果　共对548例患者的781处病灶进行了活检。在符合上述策略的327处病灶中,诊断上皮肿瘤性病灶16处（4.9%,16/327）,其中高级别肿瘤10处（3.1%,10/327）;而在不符合上述策略的454处病灶中,诊断上皮肿瘤性病灶仅1处（0.2%,1/454）,无高级别肿瘤。该筛检策略对胃上皮肿瘤性病灶和高级别肿瘤的阳性预测值均高于不符合策略而取活检者（4.9%比0.2%,χ2=19.49,P<0.001;3.1%比0,P<0.001）。共有146例（17.2%,146/849）患者接受胃镜随访,随访中发现2处黏膜内高级别肿瘤,符合筛检策略。该筛检策略在初次胃镜检查中检出了84.2%（16/19）的上皮肿瘤性病灶和83.3%（10/12）的高级别肿瘤。结论　高清胃镜下早期胃癌筛检策略可以高效地检出早期胃癌。     

Role of transcribed ultraconserved regions in gastric cancer and therapeutic perspectives

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. The occurrence and development of GC is a complex process involving multiple biological mechanisms. Although traditional regulation modulates molecular functions related to the occurrence and development of GC, the comprehensive mechanisms remain unclear. Ultraconserved region (UCR) refers to a genome sequence that is completely conserved in the homologous regions of the human, rat and mouse genomes, with 100% identity, without any insertions or deletions, and often located in fragile sites and tumour-related genes. The transcribed UCR (T-UCR) is transcribed from the UCR and is a new type of long noncoding RNA. Recent studies have found that the expression level of T-UCRs changes during the occurrence and development of GC, revealing a new mechanism underlying GC. Therefore, this article aims to review the relevant research on T-UCRs in GC, as well as the function of T-UCRs and their regulatory role in the occurrence and development of GC, to provide new strategies for GC diagnosis and treatment.     

2020年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2020年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和国家血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2020年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省（直辖市、自治区）继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果,四川、江苏省维持传播阻断标准,云南、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等5个省维持传播控制标准。全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）、28 376个流行村,流行村总人口7 137.04万人;全国450个流行县（市、区）中,337个（74.89%）达到血吸虫病消除标准、98个（21.78%）达到传播阻断标准、15个（3.33%）达到传播控制标准。2020年,全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者29 517例。2020年,全国共开展询检查病11 117 655人,阳性1 798 580人;开展血检查病5 263 082人,阳性83 179人;开展病原学检查273 712人,阳性3人,其中急性血吸虫病病例1例。2020年,全国共有19 733个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,7 309个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的37.04%,新查出 15个有螺村;共查螺736 984.13 hm2,查出有螺面积206 125.22 hm2,其中新发现有螺面积1 174.67 hm2,感染性钉螺面积1.96 hm2。2020年,我国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛544 424头,血检查病147 887头,阳性326头;开展粪检查病130 673头,未发现粪检阳性耕牛。2020年,全国共治疗血吸虫病患者19 214例,扩大化疗964 103人·次;扩大化疗耕牛266 280头·次;开展药物灭螺总面积136 141.92 hm2,实际药物灭螺71 980.22 hm2,环境改造灭螺1 464.03 hm2。2020年全国血吸虫病监测点中,居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率均为0,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,全国血吸虫病呈低度流行水平,全国如期实现《“十三五”全国血吸虫病防治规划》目标,但局部地区疫情有所反弹,仍需开展血吸虫病精准防控、强化血吸虫病疫情及风险监测,在巩固血吸虫病防治成果的基础上稳步推进消除进程。