新生儿骨矿质含量及影响因素的研究

应用双光子及单光子吸收测定技术，检测了９２名出生３ｄ内的新生儿骨矿质含量，其中巨大儿３０名，正常体重儿３２名，低出生体重儿３０名，其孕龄分别是４０．１±０．７、３９．１±１．５和３７．４±１．２孕周。结果表明，巨大儿、正常体重儿、低出生体重儿的全身骨矿质含量分别是１０１．６±２８．８、８５．２±１９．８、５９．９±２７．２ｇ／ｃｍ２，巨大儿骨矿质含量最高，正常体重儿次之，低出生体重儿最低，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。颅骨、肱骨、股骨的骨矿质含量与全身的骨矿质含量有高度的相关性，相关系数分别是０．９４３、０．８７９和０．７４５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。全身的骨矿质含量与出生体重、孕龄及头围有高度相关性，相关系数分别是０．７５５、０．５９６和０．５５６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示颅骨、肱骨及股骨的任一部位均可代表全身的骨矿质含量，肱骨是确定全身骨矿质含量较好的部位，新生儿骨矿质含量受出生体重、孕龄及头围的影响较大。     

Apolipoprotein E—associated risk for Alzheimer's disease in the African-American population is genotype dependent

As a part of our ongoing study on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly African Americans, we obtained clinical assessment and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype data on 288 individuals (including 60 with AD). The ApoE σ4 allele frequency was significantly increased in AD patients compared with controls. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for AD in σ4 homozygotes was 4.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–13.64) compared with the σ3/σ3 genotype, but the OR for AD with the σ3/σ4 genotype did not reach significance (1.20; 95% CI, 0.58–2.45). These findings suggest that the association between ApoE σ4 and AD is weaker in African Americans than in whites.     

断肢断腕断掌再植后手内在肌挛缩51例分析

探讨断肢断腕断掌再植术后手内在肌挛缩的发病机理,结合临床经验提出分类、预防和治疗方法。方法:对51例断肢(腕、掌)再植,分别采用术中切开骨间肌肌筋膜、掌腱膜及腕横韧带;术后严重肿胀时早期切开骨筋膜室;缺血时间超过10小时者,除上述措施外尚须切断或部分切除拇收肌和骨间肌肌腹。结果:采用上述预防措施后,手内在肌挛缩的发生率明显降低。结论:本症重在预防,如能及时、果断地采取措施,效果良好。一旦发生中、重度手内在肌挛缩应尽早手术。     

120例感染患者骨髓涂片细胞形态观察

目的 :探讨感染患者骨髓细胞的形态学变化。　方法 :对 12 0例确诊有感染性病症的患者进行骨髓细胞形态分析。　结果 :感染患者骨髓中网状细胞增高者占 15 % ,伴吞噬细胞增高者占 8.3% ,有异型淋巴细胞出现者占9.2 % ,浆细胞相对增高者占 14 .2 %。　结论 :部分感染患者骨髓内既有网状细胞、吞噬细胞及浆细胞的反应性增生 ,亦可伴有异型淋巴细胞的增生     

花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸对海马神经细胞生长发育的影响

【目的】观察不同浓度花生四烯酸 (AA)和 (或 )二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)对体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的影响。【方法】无血清培养液中分别加入不同剂量的AA和 (或 )DHA ,采用噻唑蓝比色试验 (MTT法 )反映各组海马神经细胞存活状况 ,神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)染色鉴定神经细胞 ,图像分析技术测量神经细胞的胞体大小和突起长度。【结果】培养液中分别添加AA为 4～ 8μmol/L、DHA为 2～ 8μmol/L时 ,神经细胞活力高于对照组 ;当培养液中AA和DHA总浓度为 4μmol/L、比例为 2∶1或 4∶1时 ,神经细胞的活力、胞体面积、最大长径、最大短径和平均突起长度均显著高于单一添加 4μmol/LAA、4μmol/LDHA和对照组。【结论】AA、DHA均具有促进体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的作用 ;与单独添加AA、DHA相比 ,AA和DHA共同作用的促海马神经细胞生长发育作用更好。     

Endometrial pipelle biopsy compared to conventional dilatation and curettage

Dilatation and curettage (D+C) is the most common operation performed in Britain. The liberal use of D+C has been criticised. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of outpatient endometrial pipelle biopsy and determine its safety in terms of detecting abnormalities. Complications and financial costs were also evaluated. Data were reviewed from an active gynaecological unit from February 1993 to January 1995. A total of 303 D+Cs and 104 endometrial pipelle biopsies were performed in this period. Nine malignancies were detected by D+C and 1 by pipelle biopsy. A total of 24 and 3 benign abnormalities were detected by each method respectively. There was a higher complication rate in the D+C group but the failure rate was higher in the endometrial pipelle biopsy group. The monetary savings over this period is estimated at ￡20,307. There were no missed malignancies to our knowledge over the 8 yr period since endometrial pipelle biopsy was introduced to the hospital.     

眼底荧光血管造影中按摩内关与合谷穴对恶心和呕吐的影响

观察按摩内关和合谷穴对上有底荧光血管造影中恶心和呕吐的影响。眼底荧光血管造影中发生恶心和呕吐的６０例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组按摩一侧或双侧内关穴和合谷穴；对照组未进行治疗，在发生恶心患者中，治疗组３０例中发生哎者２例；对照组发生呕吐者９例，两组的发生率有显著差异     

老年人视网膜中央血管在前部视神经的解剖特征

目的：观察老年人前部视神经视网膜中央血管的解剖特征。 方法：通过组织连续切片和计算机影像分析，观察60~82岁老年人的18只眼球标本中无解剖变异的视网膜中央动脉(CRA)15条，视网膜中央静脉（CRV）23条在筛板前、筛板区及筛板后的管径变化。 结果：老年人筛板前、筛板区、筛板后CRA平均面积的均值分别为（12.70,17.40,18.00）×10^-3mm^2_;平均周长的均值分别为0.56，0.56，0.57mm，平均周长之间相比无显著差异。CRV平均面积的均值分别为（7.00，5.40，7.90）×10^-3mm²；平均周长的均值分别为0.44，0.38，0.41mm；CRV平均周长筛板前与筛板区相比，筛板区与筛板后相比均有显著差异。 结论：老年人CRA眼球内外管径一致；CRV在筛板区管径最小。 （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：213-214）
     

nm23基因在前列腺癌中的表达与癌转移的关系

应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学染色方法，研究转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３表达产物二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。结果表明，ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３在前列腺癌中有较高的表达，阳性率为５００％（２０／４０）。无前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为６６７％（１２／１８），有前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为３６４％（８／２２），两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５），并与前列腺癌分化程度和临床分期有显著相关。因此，ｎｍ２３基因可能在前列腺癌形成及转移过程中起不同的调节作用，其表达程度与前列腺癌转移呈负相关，有可能成为评价前列腺癌病人预后的一项新指标。     

Ultrastructure changes associated with brain death in the human donor heart

Abstract Electromicroscopic examinations were carried out on 30 myocardial biopsies taken from 22 human donor hearts immediately after excision (prestorage) or immediately before transplantation (post-storage). All electron micrographs were independently examined by two morphologists. Eleven structures were examined in each micrograph, and each structure was scored according to the degree of injury. A good interobserver correlation was obtained in 84 % of the structures scored. In the prestorage left ventricular biopsies ( n = 11), approximately 20 %-25 % showed moderate to severe ultrastructural injury. The ultrastructural injury observed in the poststorage left ventricular biopsies ( n = 15) was no different from that in the prestorage group, particularly injury to the sarcomere and mitochondria. A similar degree and pattern of injury was seen in the right ventricle ( n = 4). There was no evidence that an ischemic storage period of less than 6 h increased the degree of injury seen. However, there was a higher incidence of moderate to severe injury in those hearts excised from donors initially dependent on high inotropic support.