Decrement of the skin conductance response to repeated volitional inspiration.

OBJECTIVE: To examine response decrement of the recently reported inspiratory skin conductance response (SCR) [Lim CL, Seto-Poon M, Clouston PD, Morris JG. Sudomotor nerve conduction velocity and central processing time of the skin conductance response. Clin Neurophysiol 2003;114:2172-80]. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult volunteers performed 3 tasks (A) a control task of maintaining tidal breathing and then two randomized tasks, (B) a deep inspiration to a target oral pressure and (C) tapping with a finger. Each task was performed 30 times on cue every 20s in 3 runs with 5 min of rest between runs. The SCR, oral pressure, airflow, inspired volume and cue signal were recorded continuously and analysed offline. SCR amplitude was logarithmically transformed and then statistically analysed, using a linear mixed effects model, as a function of run number, trial number and absolute error between target and actual oral pressures. RESULTS: Inspiratory efforts elicited exponentially decreasing SCR amplitude with increasing trial number during each run (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for trial number, the mean SCR amplitude of the second and the third run were, respectively, 24.2 (95% CI (0.175, 0.336), P < 0.001) and 14.4% (95% CI (0.104, 0.200), P < 0.001) of the first run amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: Volitional deep inspiration reliably activates an SCR that exhibits response decrement with repetition, which may be habituation. SIGNIFICANCE: The volitional inspiratory SCR may assist in the assessment of sympathetic autonomic status in patients with peripheral afferent neuropathy.     

感染性休克早期目标指导性治疗方案的应用体会

目的 为加强外科围手术期处理，观察应用早期目标指导性治疗方案（early goal directed therapy，EGDT）对感染性休克患者的救治效果。方法 运用EGDT使入ICU8h内的感染性休克患者的中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和上腔静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）达标。结果 本组20例感染性休克患者，在8h内CVP达标20例，MAP达标20例，ScvO2达标16例。结论 应用EDGT治疗感染性休克有较好的理论基础和实用性，在限定的时间内使所有的目标值达标存在一定的困难。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

一次性注射器制作简易取皮鼓及其在整形外科中的应用

目的：探讨利用一次性注射器制作简易取皮鼓及其使用方法。方法：在一次性注射器的针筒壁上作三道平行透壁沟槽,用于固定皮片,使得皮片紧贴于注射器针筒外壁上,再以手术刀徒手取皮,根据需要切取皮片。结果：利用一次性注射器制作的取皮鼓取皮不需要粘合剂,可以按要求切取各种大小及厚度的皮片。结论：以一次性注射器制作的取皮鼓,取材广泛,制作简单,无需粘合剂,取皮速度快,适用范围广。     

Evaluation of BioCorkscrew and Bioknotless RC suture anchor rotator cuff repair fixation: an in vitro biomechanical study

This in vitro biomechanical study used cadaveric specimens to compare the rotator cuff repair fixation provided by BioCorkscrew and Bioknotless RC suture anchors. Three cm wide by 1-cm long full-thickness supraspinatus defects were repaired using either two BioCorkscrew suture anchors with combined vertical and horizontal mattress sutures (n = 7) or three Bioknotless RC suture anchors with simple sutures (n = 7). Therefore, the BioCorkscrew suture anchor group had two sutures per anchor (four total sutures), while the Bioknotless RC suture anchor group had one suture per anchor (three total sutures). Two-phase cyclic (5–100 N, 1,000 cycles and 5–180 N, 2,000 cycles) and load to failure tests (31 mm/s) were performed. Non-parametric statistics were used to compare group differences (P < 0.05). All of the BioCorkscrew group specimens (seven of seven) completed the two phase cyclic test regimen without failure or gapping ≥ 5 mm, compared to only three of seven of the Bioknotless RC group (Fisher’s Exact test = 0.03). Groups did not differ for repair site gapping during the 5–100 N cyclic test phase (Fisher’s Exact test = 0.77), however more of the Bioknotless RC group displayed gapping ≥ 5 mm during the 5–180 N cyclic test phase than the BioCorkscrew group (P = 0.02). The BioCorkscrew group also displayed greater yield load during load to failure testing (492.2 ± 204 N vs. 296.4 ± 155 N, P = 0.03). In this in vitro biomechanical study, the BioCorkscrew group with combined vertical and horizontal mattress sutures displayed greater cyclic test survival, less repair site gapping, and superior yield load compared to the Bioknotless RC group with simple sutures. These results in human cadaveric rotator cuff-humerus specimens suggest better immediate post-operative repair site strength and a reduced need for post-operative restrictions. Clinical studies are needed to determine how these rotator cuff repair modes withstand the forces of early rehabilitation and activities of daily living that potentially influence patient outcomes.     

Effects of dauricine,quinidine,and sotalol on action potential duration of papillary muscles in vitro

目的：观察蝙蝠葛碱对豚鼠乳头状肌的动作电位是否具有使用依赖性特征，并与奎尼丁、索他洛尔作平行比较．方法：利用细胞内微电极技术记录豚鼠乳头状肌跨膜动作电位．结果：蝙蝠葛碱２０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能明显延长乳头状肌跨膜动作电位时程，在刺激周长为２００，３００，４００，６００，８００，１０００，２０００ｍｓ时，其延长动作电位时程的百分率分别为２２±８，１１±６，９±５，７±５，６±３，４３±２８，４５±２８，蝙蝠葛碱延长动作电位时程作用于刺激周期较短时作用明显，呈使用依赖性特征．而奎尼丁１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和索他洛尔１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１延长动作电位时程作用随刺激周期延长而增强，呈现逆向使用依赖性特征．结论：蝙蝠葛碱使用依赖性延长豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位时程．     

丁基苯酞对大鼠局灶性脑缺血和重灌后脑内TXB2和6—keto—PGF1α…

目的：观察丁基苯酞（ＮＢＰ）对大鼠局灶性脑缺血及重灌后海马，纹状体和皮层中ＴＸＢ２及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量的影响，方法：尼龙线栓塞法造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α用放免法测定。结果：ＮＢＰ１０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１治疗对缺血重灌注后脑组织中ＴＸＢ２的产生具有抑制作用，但对６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α的产生无明显作用，ＮＢＰ２０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１治疗后，重灌５ｍｉｎ缺血脑组织     

Evidence for regular distribution of sterols in liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

To investigate the lateral organization of sterols in membranes, the fluorescence intensity of dehydroergosterol at different mole fractions in liquid crystalline dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers was examined. A number of intensity drops were observed at specific mole fractions, as predicted from a hexagonal super-lattice model. The fluorescence dips provide compelling evidence that a naturally occurring sterol is regularly distributed at fixed compositional fractions, consistent with the presence of hexagonal super-lattices in the fluid membranes. Regularly distributed regions, however, coexist with irregularly distributed regions. The extent of regular distribution varies periodically with sterol mole fraction and, consequently, similar variations take place in the membrane volume and lipid packing. This level of modulation in local membrane structure by minute changes in sterol concentration should have profound implications for the functional role of cholesterol content in cell membranes.     

Antiviral triterpenes fromPrunella vulgaris

Two triterpenes 1 and 2 with antiviral activity againstHerpes simplex virus type 1in vitro were isolated fromPrunella vulgaris. Each compound caused a significant reduction in viral cytopathic effect whenvero cells were exposed to them for 72 hours after viral challenge. They were identified asbetulinic acid(1) and 2α, 3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2) on the basis of their spectroscopic properties. The antiviral activity of them was estimated as EC₅₀=30 μg/ml(1) and 8 μg/ml(2), respectively by plaque reduction assay.     

T cell immunodeficiency in dyskeratosis congenita.

Dyskeratosis congenita has been found to be associated with abnormal immune function. In this study we report a patient with this association. He developed Pneumocystis carinii interstitial pneumonia, and impaired cell mediated immunity was confirmed by the presence of depressed lymphoproliferative responses to in vitro stimulation with mitogen. Enumeration of T cell subsets showed a severely depressed CD4:CD8 ratio (0.38), which is the likely cause for impaired cell mediated immunity. The T cell activation pathway appeared intact, as his T lymphocytes were able to express activation markers (CD25 and HLA-DR) after mitogen stimulation.