肝炎和肝硬化患者胆囊超声改变的观察与分析

目的 :研究肝炎肝硬化患者胆囊彩色B超声像图变化 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法 :采用彩色超声诊断仪对 139例肝炎和肝硬化患者及 4 2例非肝炎体检者进行胆囊超声检查。结果 :慢性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝硬化患者组与非肝炎对照组彩色B超胆囊异常率比较均差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。重型肝炎、肝硬化组与慢性肝炎组之间胆囊异常率也存在明显的差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性肝病患者胆囊异常与胆囊本身炎症无关。胆囊声像图的改变对判断肝脏实质性病变的严重程度及指导临床治疗有一定的参考价值。     

丁卡因对人红细胞膜乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及其与膜脂的关系

本文以人红细胞膜为材料，应用荧光探针（ANS）及酶学研究方法，研究了丁卡因对AchE及红细胞膜脂之间的关系。结果显示，丁卡因对红细胞膜AchE有明显抑制作用，其半数抑制浓度为525μmol/L。丁卡因还能増加膜-ANS复合物荧光强度，双倒数及Scatchard作图分析表明，其使膜ANS复合物荧光强度增强的原因并非ANS荧光量子产率的改变，而是膜上ANS结合数量增加所致，这一效应与其时膜流动性影响是一致的。     

硝酸甘油、米力农和尼卡地平缓解桡动脉痉挛作用的比较

目的：比较硝酸甘油、米力农和尼卡地平3种药物对桡动脉的解痉作用。方法：收集手术后多余的人体桡动脉标本，采用器官浴槽方法，比较上述3种药物对预收缩的离体桡动脉的解痉作用。结果：米力农和硝酸甘油对预收缩的桡动脉的舒张作用明显强于尼卡地平；米力农和硝酸甘油的疗效相似。结论：米力农和硝酸甘油更适用于缓解冠状动脉旁路移植术中桡动脉的痉挛。     

基于SP的CBL联合TBL教学在重症医学科临床教学中的应用

目的　研究在重症医学科临床教学中应用基于标准化病人（standardized patient,SP）的以案例教学法（case-based learning,CBL）联合以团队为基础（team-based learning,TBL）教学的教学效果。方法　将60名在重症医学科临床学习的医学生分为两组,各30名,分别接受以授课为基础的教学（lecture-based learning,LBL）和基于SP的CBL联合TBL教学。通过对两组学生的临床综合能力进行测评,以及学生对两种教学方法的满意度调查,对教学效果进行评价。采用SPSS 19.0进行卡方检验和t检验。结果　与LBL教学相比,接受基于SP的CBL联合TBL教学的学生的临床综合能力更优（P<0.05）,主要体现在临床思维能力[（4.18±0.55）vs. (3.66±0.47）]、临床技能能力[（4.03±0.61）vs. （3.59±0.52）]及与患者的沟通交流能力[（4.11±0.58）vs. (3.74±0.50）]方面;而且观察组学生对教学方法的满意度也更高（P<0.05）,主要体现在学习兴趣[（4.38±0.72）vs.（3.65±0.56）]、自主学习能力[（4.24±0.71）vs.（3.91±0.52）]、临床思维能力[（4.09±0.66）vs.（3.22±0.54）]、沟通交流能力[（4.42±0.60）vs.（3.67±0.48）]及团队合作精神[（4.15±0.58）vs.（3.78±0.51）]方面。结论　基于SP的CBL联合TBL教学在重症医学科的临床教学中切实可行,具有良好的教学效果。     

Ache、P-selectin、CDK5在病毒性脑炎中的表达及相关性研究

目的 探究乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase, Ache)、P-选择素(P-selectin)、细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5(cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5)在病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis, VE)中的表达及相关性。方法 本研究选取在本院健康体检及神经内科就诊治疗、住院治疗的病毒性脑炎患者130例作为研究对象,并纳入研究组,根据患者的病情时间将其分为急性期和恢复期,其中急性期组85例,恢复期组45例。根据患者的临床表现,将其分为轻度组和重度组,其中轻度组76例,重度组54例,选择同期在我院接受体检的健康患者60例作为对照组。应用丁酰硫代胆碱底物法检测Ache水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清P-selectin水平;CDK5分离试剂盒检测CDK5水平。观察研究组和对照组、急性期和恢复期及重度组和轻度组患者Ache、P-selectin、CDK5水平,分析病毒性脑炎患者Ache、P-selectin和CDK5之间相关性,利用ROC曲线比较Ache、P-selectin、CDK5单独检测及联合检测在VE中的诊断价值。结果 研究组A...     

A two-dimensional electrophoresis reference map of human ovary

The ovary plays a central role in oogenesis and gonadal hormone secretion. Proteomic analysis is a valuable approach for gaining an increased understanding of the molecular nature of the ovary. In this work, two-dimensional electrophoresis for protein separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and database searches, identified 231 protein spots corresponding to 138 individual proteins that were found in gels representing both the follicular and luteal phases. The data were used to construct a database online (). The identified proteins were functionally classified into seven groups: (1) cell signaling/communication, (2) cell division, (3) gene/protein expression, (4) metabolism, (5) cell structure and motility, (6) cell/organism defense, and (7) unclassified. Among the proteins identified, 47% had not been previously reported in the human ovary. In addition, a number of disease-related proteins were identified in this protein map, including some cancer- and polycystic ovarian syndrome-related proteins. Two proteins with phosphorylation were verified by Western blot analysis. Comparison of protein abundance between follicular and luteal stages produced seven protein spots that had been identified in our database. This study provides a preliminary reference map of normal human ovary that will form a basis for comparative studies on normal and pathological conditions of the human ovary and may serve as a potential tool for clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at L. Wang and Y.-F. Zhu contributed equally to this work     

ADA活性紫外吸收测定法的改良及复感儿淋巴细胞该酶活性的检测

检测了42例健康儿童和17例反复上呼吸道感染患儿（复感儿）的血淋巴细胞腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）活性，结果表明：复感儿的血淋巴细胞中ADA活性较健康儿童低下，且大多同样伴有不同程度的免疫功能低下；从复感儿组中筛选了两侧ADA活性和免疫功能明显低下的患儿，拟采用这两例患儿的血淋巴细胞进行ADA－SCID基因治疗的实验研究。     

重组质粒pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fc对HBV preS2S DNA疫苗免疫作用的影响

目的 探讨IL-2/Fc融合表达后对HBVpreS2S基因疫苗诱导免疫反应的佐剂效应.方法 采用HBV preS2S DNA疫苗作为基础免疫,重组质粒pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fc作为佐剂加强免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用0、2、4周的方案接种,检测各次接种后抗体水平.初次免疫后7周,测定免疫脾细胞的杀伤活性、增殖活性和细胞因子的分泌水平.结果 pcDNA3.1IL-2/Fc作为佐剂在HBV preS2S注射3 d后免疫组小鼠抗体滴度、免疫脾细胞的杀伤活性和增殖活性、TH1型细胞因子的分泌水平,均比各对照组明显增强.结论 IL-2/Fc是有效的HBV preS2S DNA疫苗佐剂之一.     

小白鼠腘淋巴结淋巴窦的超微结构

我们观察了幼年小白鼠腘淋巴结淋巴窦的超微结构,窦壁由腔面向外一般出3层构成:(1)一层连续的内皮;(2)由一薄层细胞间质构成的基膜;(3)一层外膜网状细胞及其扁平的突起。内皮细胞核扁圆,异染色质细小,核仁不明显,胞质极薄,含粗面内质网极少,而有大量的吞饮小泡。细胞邻接处相互重叠或嵌合,有20nm宽的间隙相隔。有的地方可见不发达的细胞连接。当巨噬细胞或淋巴细胞穿越内皮时,可出现临时性间隙,内皮边缘与穿越细胞相贴。基膜由电子透明的无定形基质及细的胶原原纤维构成。外膜网状细胞的核异染色质较多,核仁明显,胞质丰富,含许多粗面内质网而很少吞饮小泡。外膜网状细胞之间常见0.5μm宽的间隙。在窦腔内有巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞及星状的网状细胞等。由于小白鼠腘淋巴结的淋巴窦小,故窦内星形的网状细胞很少,其超微结构特点,与外膜网状细胞及淋巴组织内的网状细胞相似,在突起的切面上,常见包有小束的胶原原纤维。巨噬细胞较多,形态不规则,常贴附于内皮细胞表面,核椭圆,常有凹陷,胞质丰富,含许多溶酶体。在取材前1h,于足垫注射中国墨汁的小鼠,巨噬细胞吞噬了大量粗的墨汁颗粒。本文认为,淋巴窦壁可能具有一定的屏障作用。     

CD8 is needed for positive selection but differentially required for negative selection of T cells during thymic ontogeny

During thymic development, immature thymocytes expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted T cell receptors (TcR) differentiate into CD8⁺ T cells with cytolytic functions. To evaluate the role of CD8 in positive and negative selection during thymic ontogeny, mice rendered CD8-null by gene targeting were bred with three lines of transgenic mice expressing unique MHC class I-restricted TcR. In all three instances CD8 was required for positive selection of MHC class I-restricted transgenic T cells. The efficiency of positive selection decreased in accordance with a reduced level of CD8 expression on thymocytes. Surprisingly, there was a differential requirement for CD8 expression in negative selection of MHC class I-restricted thymocytes, depending on the antigen specificity of TcR. These observations show that CD8 is essential for positive selection but is differentially required for negative selection of MHC class I-restricted T cells. Thus thymic selection, at least for negative selection, can occur in the absence of the CD8 accessory molecule.