钙池操纵的钙通道的调控机制

钙池操纵的钙通道(store-operated calciumchannel,SOC)系存在于细胞膜表面的一种新发现的钙通道,它是非兴奋性细胞Ca2 内流的主要通道。SOC的开启是由钙库耗竭所激发,然而,钙库耗竭如何开启SOC仍不十分清楚。文章综述了SOC开启调控机制的有关研究进展。     

磷酸组织胺诱导的Ⅰ型超敏反应对肝损伤作用的研究

目的:通过观察与Ⅰ型超敏反应相关的生物活性介质--组织胺对家兔肝脏有无直接损伤作用,进一步论证Ⅰ型超敏反应对肝脏的损伤作用.方法:选择34只家兔随机分为对照组、实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组3组;对照组只进行正常饲料喂养,实验Ⅰ组在正常饲料喂养的同时每天给予0.4μg/kg耳静脉注射磷酸组胺注射液,实验Ⅱ组在正常饲料喂养的同时每天给予0.08 μg/kg耳静脉注射磷酸组胺注射液;动态观察以上3个组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及血清谷草转氨酶(AST)变化;利用光学显微镜观察以上3个组肝组织的病理变化.结果:无论是实验Ⅰ组或实验Ⅱ组,经过一段时间的观察,发现血清内ALT和AST含量均显着高于对照组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ、Ⅱ组之间无显着性差异(P＞0.05);实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组在显微镜下观察,其肝脏均有不同程的损伤和病理改变,且实验Ⅱ组的损伤和变化大于实验Ⅰ组,而对照组的肝脏则无明显的病理变化.结论:组织胺对家兔肝脏确实有一定的损伤作用,而且随着投予剂量和时间的增加,肝脏的损伤和病理变化也越显著;通过本研究,可以得出Ⅰ型超敏反应导致肝脏病理变化及损伤的见解.     

Antiphospholipid antibodies and the outcome of pregnancy after the first in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycle

Increased antiphospholipid antibody prevalence has been demonstrated by a number of recent studies in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients but the potential effects of antiphospholipid antibodies on the different components of the reproductive process and the consideration of whether to test IVF patients for antiphospholipid antibodies are controversial. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible association between the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (namely the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies), among a series of 21 consecutive IVF patients having a clinical spontaneous abortion after their first embryo transfer. As a control group (n=42), the nearest IVF cycle resulting in an ongoing pregnancy before and after each miscarried IVF cycle (i.e. the closest cycles in temporal relationship to the index cycle) was used. One patient (4.8%) in the study group and two women (4.8%) among controls were seropositive for antiphospholipid antibodies. These low and similar seropositivity rates found in the two groups studied lead us to conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies testing in IVF patients should be considered only in those women having repeated failures of implantation/clinical abortion after embryo transfer but not in an infertile general population reaching an IVF programme.      

Assessment of bioequivalence after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of urinary gonadotrophins

The objective was to demonstrate bioequivalence between s.c. and i.m. administration of Humegon (FSH/LH ratio 1:1) and Normegon (FSH/LH ratio 3:1). In two randomized, single-centre, cross-over studies, 18 healthy volunteers on each formulation were assigned to one of the two administration sequences. Subjects were given single doses of one of the above gonadotrophins after endogenous gonadotrophin production had first been suppressed using high-dose oral contraceptive. Subsequently, rate (Cmax, tmax) and extent (AUC) of absorption of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined for 14 days. For Cmax and AUC, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on log-transformed data and for tmax ANOVA was performed on ranks. Intramuscular and s.c. injections of Humegon were bioequivalent with respect to the main pharmacokinetic parameters, being AUC and Cmax of FSH absorption. Intramuscular and s.c. injections of Normegon were bioequivalent with respect to the AUC of FSH and not bioequivalent with respect to the Cmax of FSH. For tmax of FSH as well as for most LH variables of both preparations, bioequivalence could not be proven due to the high intra- and interindividual variability and/or concentrations being close to the detection limit. Thus, the main pharmacokinetic FSH variables after i.m. and s.c. administration of Humegon and Normegon were bioequivalent.      

Plasmids encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 epitopes elicited immune responses in mice and swine and protected swine against viral infection

VP1 is a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and contains epitopes of the virus. Plasmids encoding two VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) and a host-self immunoglobulin molecule were constructed to produce a new type of FMD DNA vaccine. Two plasmids, namely, pCEIM and pCEIS, containing mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) or swine IgG were subjected to immunogenicity testing in mice and swine, respectively. In mice administrated pCEIM in the abdomen using a genegun, both FMDV-specific T-cell proliferation and neutralizing antibodies were detected. In swine immunized with pCEIS at the back of the ear, immune responses were achieved after the second administration. Swine showed a T-cell proliferative response with a stimulation index (SI) of up to 8.1 and a neutralizing antibody response that was able to protect suckling mice from 10(2) LD(50) (lethal dose 50) FMDV challenge. To compare the immunogenicity of the DNA-based vaccine candidate, versus the protein-based vaccine candidates, a second group of swine was immunized with the protein F1-scIgG, which was encoded by the plasmid pCEIS. Injection with F1-scIgG elicited a T-cell proliferative response of SI < 1.7 and a neutralizing antibody response that protected suckling mice from up to 10(5) LD(50) FMDV challenge. In the challenge test, three of three swine immunized with pCEIS were fully protected from FMDV challenge.     

Initial evaluation of a continuous speech recognition program for radiology

The aims of this work were to measure the accuracy of one continuous speech recognition product and dependence on the speaker's gender and status as a native or nonnative English speaker, and evaluate the product's potential for routine use in transcribing radiology reports. IBM MedSpeak/Radiology software, version 1.1 was evaluated by 6 speakers. Two were nonnative English speakers, and 3 were men. Each speaker dictated a set of 12 reports. The reports included neurologic and body imaging examinations performed with 6 different modalities. The dictated and original report texts were compared, and error rates for overall, significant, and subtle significant errors were computed. Error rate dependence on modality, native English speaker status, and gender were evaluated by performing ttests. The overall error rate was 10.3 +/- 3.3%. No difference in accuracy between men and women was found; however, significant differences were seen for overall and significant errors when comparing native and nonnative English speakers (P = .009 and P = .008, respectively). The speech recognition software is approximately 90% accurate, and while practical implementation issues (rather than accuracy) currently limit routine use of this product throughout a radiology practice, application in niche areas such as the emergency room currently is being pursued. This methodology provides a convenient way to compare the initial accuracy of different speech recognition products, and changes in accuracy over time, in a detailed and sensitive manner.     

IL-18在体外培养系统中诱导肿瘤快速杀伤效应及肿瘤特异性CTL

目的应用rhlL-18在体外培养系统(Coculture system in vitro，CCs)中诱导快速肿瘤杀伤效应及诱导肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte，CTL)。方法 采用StemSep^TM免疫磁性细胞分离法分离人外周血NK细胞、T细胞及树突细胞(DCs)，流式细胞仪分析细胞表型，125I-UdR标记的细胞毒实验检测杀伤活性，ELISA方法检测IFN-7的产生量。结果 在CCs中，rhIL-18诱导出快速肿瘤杀伤效应，这种杀伤效应无抗原特异性、不受MHC限制，DCs和T细胞的存在与否对其无明显影响。在同一培养系统中，肿瘤抗原存在的条件下，96h后，rhIL-18能够诱导并促进CTL介导的肿瘤特异性杀伤效应。结论 rhIL-18能够在体外培养系统中相继诱导肿瘤快速杀伤效应及肿瘤特异性CTL。     

血糖感应型胰岛素给药智能载体的研究进展

胰岛素控制释放高分子载体系统一直是国内外科技工作者的研究热点 ,迄今已经研究报道了多种具有不同工作原理的血糖感应型胰岛素给药智能载体。本文基于国内外大量研究文献 ,综述了血糖感应型胰岛素控制释放智能化高分子载体的研究进展。     

Identification and isolation of a common tumor-associated molecule using monoclonal antibody

A monoclonal antibody, 16B-13, derived from the immunization of BALB/c mice with a lung tumor line, immunoprecipitates a common tumor-associated molecule with an apparent mol. wt of 37,000 from lactoperoxidase-ionated lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, brest carcinoma, melanoma and lymphona cells, but not from normal fibroblasts. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the cell surface-labeled 16B-13 antigen from a colorectal and a melanoma cell line reveals four components with similar mol. wts but with different isoelectric points. The antigen purified froma a colorectal carcinoma cell line by immunoaffinity chromatography was shown to be a 37,000 mol. wt polypeptide similar to that obtained by the lactoperoxidase-labeling procedure. However, the purified antigen from the melanoma cell line shows the presence of a 65,000 mol. wt polypeptide and the loss of the 37,000 mol. wt component as detected by Comassie blue staining and immunoprecipitation.