循证护理在直肠癌患者PICC置管中的应用

目的探讨循证护理在直肠癌患者PICC置管中的应用。方法选择2011年1月-2012年1月间在我科行PICC置管的直肠癌患者80例,分为观察组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）,分别采用循证护理方法和常规护理方法护理．观察两组患者首次穿刺成功率及PICC置管后第1、2、3个月并发症的发生情况。结果两组患者首次穿刺成功率为96．25％。术后1个月内,两组患者各种并发症发生率均无统计学意义;术后2个月内,两组患者静脉炎及感染发生率均有统计学意义：术后3个月内。两组患者感染及导管堵塞发生率均有统计学意义。结论循证护理方案比常规护理方案在降低PICC置管并发症的发生率方面更为有效。     

Distribution of alleles,genotypes and haplotypes of the CYP2B6 (rs3745274; rs2279343) and CYP3A4 (rs2740574) genes in the Malian population: Implication for pharmacogenetics

Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a central role in the phase I biotransformation process of a wide range of compounds, including xenobiotics, drugs, hormones and vitamins. It is noteworthy that these enzymes are highly polymorphic and, depending on the genetic makeup, an individual may have impaired enzymatic activity. Therefore, the identification of genetic variants in these genes could facilitate the implementation of pharmacogenetic studies and genetic predisposition to multifactorial diseases. We have established the frequencies of CYP2B6 (rs3745274; rs2279343) and CYP3A4 (rs2740574) alleles and genotypes in 209 healthy Malian subjects using TaqMan drug metabolism genotyping assays for allelic discrimination. Allele frequencies were 37% for CYP2B6 rs3745274; 38% for CYP2B6 rs2279343; and 75% for CYP3A4 rs2740574 respectively. Overall, the frequencies observed in Mali are statistically comparable to those reported across Africa except North Africa. The major haplotypes in CYP2B6 rs3745274 and CYP2B6 rs2279343 were represented by GA (60.24%) followed by TG (35.36%). We noted a strong linkage disequilibrium between CYP2B6 rs3745274 and CYP2B6 rs2279343 with D’ = 0.91 and r² = 0.9. The frequencies of the genotypic combinations were 43.5% (GT/AG), 37.3% (GG/AA) and 11.5% (TT/GG) in the combination of CYP2B6-rs3745274 and CYP2B6-rs2279343; 26.8% (GT/CC), 25.4%, (GT/CT), 17.2% and GG/CT in the combination CYP2B6-rs3745274-CYP3A4-rs2740574; 26.8% (AG/CC), 23.9% (AA/CC), 19.1% (AG/CT), and 11% (AA/CT) in the combination CYP2B6-rs2279343-CYP3A4-rs2740574, respectively. The most common triple genotype was GT/AG/CC with 24.9%, followed by GG/AA/CC with 23.9%, GT/AG/CT with 16.7%, and GG/AA/CT with 10%. Our results provide new insights into the distribution of these pharmacogenetically relevant genes in the Malian population. Moreover, these data will be useful for studies of individual genetic variability to drugs and genetic predisposition to diseases.     

The Impact of Six Annual Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Humans and in Mosquitoes in Mali

Wuchereria bancrofti prevalence and transmission were assessed in six endemic villages in Sikasso, Mali prior to and yearly during mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and ivermectin from 2002 to 2007. Microfilaremia was determined by calibrated thick smear of night blood in adult volunteers and circulating filarial antigen was measured using immunochromatographic card test in children < 5 years of age. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catch from July to December. None of the 686 subjects tested were microfilaremic 12 months after the sixth MDA round. More importantly, circulating antigen was not detected in any of the 120 children tested, as compared with 53% (103/194) before the institution of MDA. The number of infective bites/human/year decreased from 4.8 in 2002 to 0.04 in 2007, and only one mosquito containing a single infective larva was observed 12 months after the final MDA round. Whether this dramatic reduction in transmission will be sustained following cessation of MDA remains to be seen.     

宫颈癌组织中骨桥蛋白表达及其与临床病理特征相关性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价宫颈癌组织中骨桥蛋白(OPN)表达与宫颈癌的相关性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP和WangFang Data数据库,并辅以文献追溯的方法,收集有关OPN表达与宫颈癌及其与临床病理特征关系的研究。检索年时限截至2017年10月。按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,应用Stata12.0 软件进行 Meta 分析。结果:共纳入18个病例-对照研究,其中宫颈癌1 128例,对照组464例。Meta 分析结果显示:OPN在宫颈癌组与对照组［OR=28.942,95%CI（19.363,43.260）］、高中分化组与低未分化组［OR=2.940,95%CI（2.086,4.145）］、FIGO分期Ⅰ期组与FIGO分期≥Ⅱ期组［OR=3.224,95%CI（2.181,4.768）］、有淋巴结转移组与无淋巴结转移组［OR=4.978,95%CI（3.540,7.001）］、≤1/2肌层组与＞1/2肌层组［OR=6.046,95%CI（2.848,12.833）］的表达差异均有统计学意义。结论:OPN的表达水平可能成为今后判断宫颈癌预后有价值的肿瘤标志物。     

EGFR抑制剂通过c-myc途径影响PD-L1在肺癌细胞中的表达

目的:以EGFR抑制剂为介质,研究EGFR/KRAS通路对人非小细胞肺癌A549和H1299细胞中免疫检查点抑制剂PD-L1表达的影响,探讨靶向治疗与免疫治疗联用在相关肿瘤临床治疗中的潜在价值。方法:Western blotting检测A549和H1299细胞经Erlotinib处理后细胞中c-myc的表达量变化; RT-PCR法检测Erlotinib对A549和H1299细胞中c-myc下游基因分化抗原簇47（cluster of differentiation 47,CD47）及PD-L1转录水平的调控,同时平行检测在c-myc基因沉默后,Erlotinib对CD47及PD-L1转录水平的调控;Western blotting检测Erlotinib用量与PD-L1表达的相关性;通过与肿瘤浸润T细胞（tumor infiltrating T cell,TIL-T）共培养,检测Erlotinib影响前后A549和H1299细胞对TIL-T细胞治疗的敏感度。结果:Erlotinib能显著下调c-myc在A549和H1299细胞内的表达量（P<0.01）;c-myc蛋白表达量受Erlotinib影响下调后,PD-L1的转录水平也受到了明显的影响（P<0.01）,但Erlotinib对于c-myc沉默的A549和H1299细胞株中CD47及PD-L1的转录水平影响很小（P>0.05）;Erlotinib剂量对A549和H1299细胞中PD-L1的表达量呈现出显著的正相关性,但对c-myc沉默的细胞株影响不大（P>0.05）,结果与转录水平一致;Erlotinib处理后,A549和H1299细胞对TIL-T细胞的抵抗能力显著降低,细胞凋亡信号caspase-3激活更加明显。结论:Erlotinib能通过EGFR通路调控c-myc在细胞中的表达水平,进而介导PD-L1表达水平降低,增强TIL-T细胞对A549和H1299细胞的杀伤能力。     

Safety profile of sural nerve in posterolateral approach to the ankle joint: MRI study

The posterolateral approach to ankle joint is well suited for ORIF of posterior malleolar fractures. There are no major neurovascular structures endangering this approach other than the sural nerve. The sural nerve is often used as an autologous peripheral nerve graft and provides sensation to the lateral aspect of the foot. The aim of this paper is to measure the precise distance of the sural nerve from surrounding soft tissue structures so as to enable safe placement of skin incision in posterolateral approach. This is a retrospective image review study involving 64 MRI scans. All measurements were made from Axial T1 slices. The key findings of the paper is the safety window for the sural nerve from the lateral border of tendoachilles (TA) is 7 mm, 1.3 cm and 2 cm at 3 cm above ankle joint, at the ankle joint and at the distal tip of fibula respectively. Our study demonstrates the close relationship of the nerve in relation to TA and fibula in terms of exact measurements. The safety margins established in this study should enable the surgeon in preventing endangerment of the sural nerve encountered in this approach.     

Increased expression of HMGB3: a novel independent prognostic marker of worse outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

HMGB3, an X-linked member of the high-mobility group (HMG) superfamily of HMG proteins, has been shown to affect numerous tumorigenic progression. However, the expression and the prognostic role of HMGB3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remained unknown. In this study, we examined the HMGB3 expression in ESCC tissues and adjacent nontumorous tissues by qRT-PCR and immuohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were applied to test for prognostic and diagnostic associations. The mRNA levels of HMGB3 were found to be significantly higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. We found that the HMGB3 expression was higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemical analysis of paired tissue specimens (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between HMGB3 expression and gender (P = 0.037), clinical stage (P = 0.038), T classification (P = 0.013) and N classification (P = 0.017). Patients with higher HMGB3 expression had shorter overall survival than those with lower HMGB3 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that HMGB3 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 0.591, 95% CI = 0.379-0.793, P = 0.039). In summary, these findings demonstrate that HMBG3 may be a potential molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of ESCC patients.     

血清PSA、IL-6和IL-10水平在前列腺癌中的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清PSA、IL-6和IL-10水平对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法 收集首诊于泌尿外科并行前列腺穿刺活组织检查（活检）的143例患者临床资料,按其活检结果分为前列腺癌组84例、非前列腺癌组59例。比较2组患者的年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、全血细胞计数（CBC）以及血清总PSA（tPSA）、游离PSA（fPSA）、IL-6和IL-10水平间的差异。以病理结果为因变量,运用单因素logistic回归筛选出有统计学意义的指标,进一步纳入多因素二元logistic回归方程,建立最终的诊断模型。运用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线比较多指标联合与单项指标在前列腺癌中的诊断价值。结果 前列腺癌组患者的年龄、单核细胞绝对值以及血清tPSA、IL-6和IL-10水平均高于非前列腺癌组患者,而淋巴/单核比值（LMR）、f/tPSA均低于非前列腺癌组（P均< 0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析显示IL-6与IL-10呈正相关（r_s = 0.602,P < 0.01）,年龄和tPSA之间呈弱相关（r_s = 0.243,P = 0.003）,logistic回归分析显示年龄、血清tPSA和IL-6水平是前列腺癌的影响因素,建立回归模型logit P = -7.811+0.098X_年龄+0.040X_tPSA+0.092X_IL-6。联合检测得到的新诊断变量曲线下面积达到0.832,当截断值为0.584时,灵敏度为71.4%、特异度为84.7%,均高于各单项指标（P均< 0.05）。 结论 血清IL-6和IL-10水平检测在前列腺癌诊断中具有一定的临床价值,年龄和血清tPSA、IL-6水平是诊断前列腺癌的有效指标,三者联合检测可提高诊断效能。     

异基因造血干细胞移植患者生活质量变化轨迹及影响因素研究

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植患者3年内的生活质量变化轨迹及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2016年7月—2017年10月于苏州市某三级甲等医院行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者作为调查对象,在患者移植前(入仓前1～2 d)、移植后1个月、3个月、半年、1年、1年半及3年时采用一般资料调查表及癌症治疗功能评价-骨髓移植测评量表进行调查。结果异基因造血干细胞移植患者的癌症治疗功能评价-骨髓移植测评量表总分在移植后1个月时降至最低,此后呈逐渐上升趋势,半年时基本恢复至移植前水平,3年时总分显著高于移植前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生理健康、功能健全及干细胞移植3个维度得分与癌症治疗功能评价-骨髓移植测评量表总分变化轨迹一致,呈波动上升型;情绪稳定维度在移植前得分最低,随移植时间延长逐渐上升;社交/家庭健全维度移植前得分与移植后各时间点得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,影响患者移植后3年时生活质量的主要因素为居住地(t=3.175,P=0.002)、家庭人均月收入(t=3.320,P=0.001)、移植相关并发症(t=-6.955,P&l...