L-arginine对局灶脑缺血脑细胞凋亡和微血管密度的影响

目的探讨NO合成底物左旋-精氨酸(L-Arg)对兔局灶脑缺血后血管再生和脑细胞凋亡的影响。方法兔局灶脑缺血后应用L-Arg,流式细胞仪定量分析细胞凋亡率的变化,CD34免疫组织化学测脑组织微血管密度(MVD),脑组织含水率评价脑水肿。结果与对照组比较,L-Arg组脑细胞凋亡率明显减少(8.72±2.62 vs 16.62±2.82,P<0.01),同时脑组织MVD却明显增加(1.21±0.43 vs 0.69±0.22,P<0.01)。结论外源性L-Arg可减少缺血后脑细胞凋亡并促进缺血后血管再生,对局灶脑缺血具有重要的神经保护作用。     

^1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening for animals with acute cerebral infraction suitable forthrombolytic therapy

BACKGROUND: As a non-invasive technique which can provide comprehensive biological information, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) may provide valuable reference data for irreversible recovery or reversible changes in ischemic tissue after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the effect of the urokinase thrombolytic therapy after experimental acute cerebral ischemia by 1H-MRS technology and investigate its adaptability. DESIGN: Randomly controlled animal study. SETTINGS: Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. MATERIALS: Eleven healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 260–300 g and of both genders, were supplied by Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [SCXK (e) 2004-007]. 4.7T superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance meter was provided by Brucker Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science from August 2003 to December 2005. ① The rats were randomly divided into 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =6) and 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =5). Six rats in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded with clot embolus for 30 minutes and 5 rats in 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded for 60 minutes. 10 000 U/kg urokinase was dissolved in 2 mL saline and the operation lasted for 5 minutes. ② 1H-MRS was performed before thrombolysis and at 3 hours and 24 hours after successful embolization. The metabolic changes of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA)/phosphocreatine (PCr) + creatine (Cr), choline phosphate (Cho)/PCr+Cr and lactic acid (Lac)/PCr+Cr in the region of interests were analyzed. ③ The T2W image was conducted 24 hours after the thrombolytic therapy with TR=500 ms and TE=25 ms. ④ The subjects were sacrificed immediately after 1H-MRS and the brain tissues were cut into pieces and stained with HE method; in addition, pathological changes were observed under optic microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Metabolic changes of NAA/PCr+Cr, Cho/PCr+Cr and Lac/PCr+Cr in the region of interests; ② T2W image at 24 hours after the thrombolysis; ③ pathological observation of brain tissue. RESULTS: Eleven rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Metabolic changes in the region of interests : In 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac peak emerged immediately after the embolism, but the ischemic zone decreased 3 hours after the thrombolytic therapy (0.252±0.01, 0.603±0.01, P < 0.01). Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was 0.290±0.01 at 24 hours after thrombolysis, which was higher than that at 3 hours after thrombolysis (P < 0.01). The NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ratio decreased significantly at 3 hours after the thrombolysis as compared with that before thrombolysis (0.922±0.16, 1.196±0.01, P < 0.05). In 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was higher at 3 hours after thrombolysis than that before thrombolysis (0.846±0.12, 0.601±0.11, P < 0.05) and the NAA/(PCr+Cr) decreased at 3 hours after the embolism. Fluctuation of NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ranged from 0.68 to 0.75 before thrombolysis and from 0.71 to 0.75 at 3 hours after thrombolysis. ② T2W image: T2W image showed that 2 subjects in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group whose Lac/NAA was higher than 0.7 suffered from intracranial hemorrhage. This meant that the subjects with Lac/NAA > 0.7 were more likely to suffer from intracranial hemorrhage. ③ Histological and morphological examinations: Optic microscope demonstrated that interspace surrounding nerve cells was widened at ischemic center; neurons were swelling; nucleus was stained lightly; pyknosis and mesenchymal edema were mainly observed in lateral cortex of brow and vertex and in lateral part of corpus striatum. CONCLUSION: ①Compound parameters in ischemic area before thrombolysis should be regarded as an important predicting marker for thrombolytic therapy, effect evaluation and termination. ② 1H-MRS combining with other imaging technique is a detecting way for screening cases who are suitable for thrombolytic therapy.     

固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油制备生物柴油

研究了脂肪酶固定化及其催化大豆油制备生物柴油的工艺。采用溶胶-凝胶法对脂肪酶进行了固定化,考察了固定化酶催化大豆油转酯化的生产工艺中酶用量、醇油比、含水量、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂等参数对转酯过程的影响。实验结果表明,当大豆油4.5 g时,最佳的反应条件为：固定化酶646 mg,醇油摩尔比4∶1,含水质量分数为6%,40℃,甲酯的最终转化率为96.33%。     

桂林市传染病网络直报工作第一年效果分析

目的观察传染病网络直报系统启动一年来的传染病监测质量,探讨网络直报评价方法.方法描述研究网络直报工作效果.结果实行网络直报后,传染病从临床医生发现到疾病预防控制机构接到报告的平均时间由5.48 d缩短至1.67 d,报卡数量增加20.84%,21.03%的报告卡得到校正,网络直报覆盖率县辖区医院为96.55%,市城区为69.23%,79.21%的直报单位有专用电脑.结论网络直报的启用及其系统的建立,提高了桂林市传染病疫情报告的质量和水平,同时应尽快建立与之相应的疫情报告管理方法和标准.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性膈疝的产前分析

目的：探讨先天性膈疝的产前超声表现。材料和方法：回顾性分析6例先天性膈疝胎儿声像图表现特征,并与病理结果相对照。结果：左侧膈疝5例,右侧膈疝1例,其中2例伴有其它复杂畸形。超声显示胎心、纵隔受压移位,心轴偏移明显。疝入器官见有胃泡、肠管、肝脏,胎儿呼吸样运动可致疝入器官运动幅度增加。结论：先天性膈疝的特征性声像图表现,可作为诊断的重要依据。     

免疫组化法检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中输血传播病毒

目的　检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织输血传播病毒(TTV)感染状况,TTV感染与肝组织炎症程度 及与血液学指标的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测52例非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV,并经原位 杂交证实;对TTV阳性和阴性组的血液学生化指标,诸如血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血 清总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、γ 球蛋白(γ G)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)及组织学活动指数(HAI)进行了比较。 结果　非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV抗原(TTVAg)阳性15例,检出率为28.8%;阳性物质主要定位于肝细 胞浆内,呈棕黄色细小颗粒,偶见肝细胞核内有表达;TTV阳性表达细胞呈单个、散在或片簇状分布;TTVAg阳性的 组织切片经苏木素-伊红(HE)染色后,可观察到病毒性肝炎的一些病理变化,如肝细胞胞浆疏松化、气球样变、嗜酸 样变、灶性坏死、凋亡、小叶内及汇管区炎细胞浸润;从15例TTVAg阳性病例中任选10例进行TTV DNA原位杂交 检测,结果8例阳性,二者符合率80.0%;同时对5例免疫组化TTVAg阴性肝组织进行TTV DNA原位杂交检测,结 果5例均为阴性,二者符合率100%;TTVAg阳性组ALT、AST、TBIL、γ G均值均高于TTVAg阴性组,ALB、PTA 均值均低于TTVAg阴性组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.0     

腹股沟带蒂皮瓣移植术围手术期的临床护理

腹股沟带蒂皮瓣是临床常用的轴型带蒂皮瓣之一。主要用于手、腕部皮肤缺损。其优点为皮瓣血循环可靠，质地优良，有韧性，弹性好，皮瓣面积大，供皮区隐蔽，不影响美观，而且易于切取和成活。围手术期的护理关系到手术的成败。我科于2000—2004年对68例患者行腹股沟带蒂皮瓣移植术，现将护理介绍如下。     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因多态性与甲状腺相关性眼病相关

采用PCR-RFLP方法检测54例甲状腺相关性眼病（TAO）患者、60例自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）不伴浸润性突眼患者及76名健康人的TNF-α基因-1031T／C多态性，发现TAO患者尤其是男性患者TC＋CC基因型及C等位基因频率显著高于后两组（均P〈0．05），提示TNF-α基因-1031T／C多态性可能与中国北方汉族TAO患者尤其是男性患者的遗传易感性有关。     

用护理工时量化法考核ICU护士的绩效

目的探索一种适合ICU护理工作特点的管理模式，提高管理效应。方法用护理工作量、ICU护理质量标准奖惩考核、职称系数三部分综合考评护理工时，与护士的绩效工资分配直接挂钩。结果护理工时量化法实施后，护理质量考核评分，患者？医生对护理质量满意率显著高于实施前（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论护理工时量化绩效分配克服了经验式管理的弊端，建立了有效的激励机制，体现了多劳多得、优劳优得的分配原则，挖掘了护理人员的自身潜力，提高了护理质量。     

结直肠癌预后影响因素分析 ：附112例报告

摘要：为探讨影响结直肠癌预后的因素，笔者对112例结直肠癌患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果示，112例患者5年生存率为48%。Ducks A，B期组的生存期明显长于C，D期组，腺癌组生存期明显长于黏液腺癌组和未分化癌组；根治术组生存期长于未切除组及姑息手术组；化疗组生存期明显长于未化疗组。提示：结直肠癌的病理类型、临床分期、手术方式、是否化疗是影响结直肠癌预后的重要因素。