Three-dimensional measurement of radiographic bone–implant contact lengths of zygomatic implants in zygomatic bone: a retrospective study of 66 implants in 28 patients

Zygomatic implant treatment is widely applied for severe maxillary atrophy to help rehabilitate the maxillary dentition. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the actual radiographic bone–implant contact (rBIC) lengths of zygomatic implants. The records of 28 patients who underwent zygomatic implant surgery and subsequent follow-up examinations between August 2013 and September 2018 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital were reviewed. The surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the same treatment protocol. All patients had a computed tomography scan at 1 year after the surgery. Using three-dimensional imaging software, an investigator measured the rBIC lengths of 66 implants and documented their clinical status. The implant survival rate was 100%. The mean rBIC length was significantly longer in male patients than in female patients (20.80 ± 5.88 mm versus 17.79 ± 6.34 mm; P = 0.028). The mean rBIC length of double zygomatic implants was significantly longer when compared to that of single implants (21.11 ± 6.23 mm versus 17.75 ± 5.85 mm; P = 0.027). This article is novel in reporting the exact rBIC lengths of zygomatic implants in a clinical setting. The results showed that zygomatic implants are a viable treatment modality for full-mouth rehabilitation.     

从“肾毒”论治慢性肾脏病＊

慢性肾脏病是一种以肾脏功能的损伤为主要表现，并可累及全身多脏器的慢性进展性疾病。中医辨证治疗本病在延缓病情、改善预后等方面具有显著的优势。通过中医理论研究及临床经验总结，笔者提出从“肾毒”论治慢性肾脏病，认为其不仅是本病的致病因素，更是重要的病理产物，是本病发生发展、迁延难愈的关键。在治疗上提出以“益肾元、解肾毒”为大法，并根据不同兼夹辨证施治，采用药对，长治缓图。以“肾毒”立论拟定的经验方苏茵解毒方，在临床治疗和实验研究上均显示出明显的效果，并已制备成院内制剂临床使用，在疗效及经济效益方面均具有显著的优势。     

医科大学医学生健康教育培训需求度和满意度现状分析

目的 了解医学生学习《健康教育》课程的满意度、需求度现状及差异，为《健康教育》课程优化提供参考。方法 以某医科大学在校临床医学生为研究对象，分析医学生对课程内容的需求度和满意度及二者差异。课程内容包括服药依从性、戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、中医康复技术、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育、运动康复指导及健康促进理论。采用频数和构成比指标进行统计描述，采用卡方检验进行健康教育课程学习情况与专业/ 学制之间、相关课程内容学习的需求度与学制的差异，相关课程内容学习需求度与满意度的关联比较采用秩和检验。以P ＜ 0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。结果 戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、中医康复技术、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育及健康促进理论八项的学习需求度在长学制医学生与五年制医学生中的总体分布位置不同（U ＝ 2.4、2.2、2.5、2.3、2.4、2.4、2.3、2.0，P 均＜ 0.05）；服药依从性、戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育及运动康复指导八项的满意度与需求度之间的总体位置分布不同（U ＝ 6.2、5.2、7.2、9.2、5.9、6.1、2.1、3.2，P 均＜ 0.05）；不同学制的医学生对于慢性病人、老年人、孕产妇、传染病人、高危人群和职业暴露人群的健康教育重点关注人群侧重有所不同，其差异具有统计学意义（χ2 ＝ 8.9、14.2、9.9、6.9、23.9、17.8，P 均＜ 0.05）；在教学方式上，不同学制的医学生对于教师课堂讲授和小组讨论的偏好上的差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.3、9.5，P 均＜ 0.05）。结论 当前健康教育课程的教学内容和结构未能完全满足不同学制、年级医学生的学习需求，需要对课程教学内容、教学方式和开设时间进行进一步的优化设计。     

RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury

In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology(RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2,which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.     

基于代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾能量代谢的影响＊

目的 通过UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾代谢物的影响，进而为艾灸关元穴的作用机制提供参考。方法 将8月龄SD雄性大鼠设为成年对照组（8只），21月龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为老年对照组（8只）、老年金匮肾气丸组（7只）、老年艾灸组（8只）。老年金匮肾气丸组每日按体重给药，老年艾灸组每日艾灸关元穴15 min，均每周5天。实验持续13周后检测大鼠肾组织线粒体呼吸耗氧速率、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性以及血清肾功能指标，观察肾脏病理变化，结合UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对大鼠的肾组织进行代谢轮廓分析，筛选代谢差异物并进行鉴定。结果 与老年对照组比较，老年艾灸组大鼠肾线粒体的呼吸耗氧速率和SDH酶的活力显著提高（P<0.01）。代谢组学结果显示，肾组织中筛选出13个共同差异化合物，分别是丁酸十二烷基酯、亚油酰胺、5-甲基四氢叶酸、PC（16∶0/22∶5（7Z，10Z，13Z，16Z，19Z））、6，8-二羟基嘌呤、1，2，3-丙烷三羧酸、3-（4-甲氧基苯基）-2-氧代丙酸、吲哚-3-乙酰甘氨酸、亚麻油酸、9，10-环氧十八烷酸、二十二碳五烯酸（22n-6）、牛磺胆酸、LysoPS （18∶0/0∶0）。结论 艾灸关元穴可通过调控老年大鼠的牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢来调节肾的能量代谢。     

Review of clinical characteristics,immune responses and regulatory mechanisms of hepatitis E-associated liver failure

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (LF) and one of the most common factors causing acute injury in acute-on-chronic LF (ACLF). When HEV-related LF occurs, a series of changes take place in both the intrahepatic environment and extrahepatic microenvironment. The changed types and distribution of immune cells (infiltrating macrophages and increased lymphocytes) in liver tissue, as well the increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the blood, indicate that the occurrence and progression of HEV-related LF are closely related to immune imbalance. The clinical features and immune reaction in the body during HEV-related acute LF (ALF) and ACLF are complicated. This review highlights recent progress in elucidating the clinical manifestations of HEV-associated ALF and ACLF and discusses the corresponding systemic immune changes and possible regulatory mechanisms.