颈内动脉岩内段形态位置与毗邻结构的相关分析

目的:探讨颈内动脉岩内段形态位置变化的规律及其与毗邻结构的关系.方法:对66侧正常成人颅底高分辨率CT连续图像进行分析,测量颞骨气房体积,建立定位颈内动脉岩内段及其毗邻结构的参照系,对其位置和形态进行测量,运用偏相关分析方法求出它们形态位置的变化规律及其影响因素.结果:在男性,颈内动脉垂直段更偏外侧,其水平段长度也大于女性.颞骨气化好,则颈内动脉垂直段更偏后移.颈内动脉垂直段与颈静脉球的位置变化表现为同步.垂直段的内外移位相应地使水平段与中线的夹角发生变化.颈内动脉水平段的方位与蜗轴方向相关,蜗轴偏离中线的角度越小,则颈内动脉水平段偏离中线的角度越大,反之亦然.结论:影响颈内动脉岩内段形态位置变化的因素是复杂和多重的,包括性别因素、颅底发育状态、颞骨气化程度以及毗邻结构发育状态均可能是影响因素.     

不同时间犬缺血心肌对^99Tc^m-MIBI摄取比值的观察

目的：观察犬冠状动脉左旋支狭窄后心肌细胞对^99碍^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99Tc^m-MIBI）摄取与时间变化之间的关系。方法：建立犬冠状动脉左旋支狭窄模型（12只），分别注射^99Tc^m-MIBI，剂量为185MBq（5mCi）。注射1h和4h后，各处死6只犬，取出心脏，于左室侧壁（缺血区）和前壁（正常区）分别取心肌组织约100rag，用1计数器测定其放射性计数，换算成每克组织放射性计数值，求出侧壁与前壁放射性比值。结果：注射后1h犬左心室缺血区与正常区组织放射性计数比值为0．726±O．054，4h为0．673±0．080，两者之间比较差鼻无昂薯件（t=1．3452．P〉0．05）．结论．砸长时问不能摇高按血心肌对辨^99Tc^m-MIBI梧取比．     

Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症对血液粘度及血脂的影响

以２１例Ⅱ期高血压患者、２１例Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者及２０例正常人为研究对象，以全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积及血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白为指标；结果表明Ⅱ期高血压病患者全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度较正常人高，Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者亦较单纯高血压病患者进一步增高，同时其血浆甘油三酯较单纯高血压病患者增高，高密度脂蛋白降低．而血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、总胆固醇三组间无显著性差异。单纯高血压病患者与正常人组比较血脂无差异。因而认为高血压病患者的高胰岛素血症可使高血压病患者增高的血粘度进一步增高，且血粘度的增高主要是红细胞机能、代谢的改变所致。单纯高血压病患者血脂改变不明显，高血压病患者血脂的改变主要是由高胰岛素血症所致。     

Feeding with powdered diet after weaning increases visuospatial ability in association with increases in the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the hippocampus of female rats

We determined whether feeding with powdered diet improved the visuospatial ability in female rats by checking the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit 1 (NR1) mRNA in the hippocampus. In rats fed standard pelleted diet, males performed better than females in a radial 8-arm maze task as we reported previously. We found that the expression of NR1 mRNA, which may be the key mediator in visuospatial ability in the hippocampus, was also higher in males than in females. However, in rats fed powdered diet, no sex difference was seen in the radial 8-arm maze task and the expression of NR1 mRNA in the hippocampus, since feeding with powdered diet improved the visuospatial ability with increases in the expression of NR1 mRNA in the hippocampus in females. We suggest that the sex difference in visuospatial ability is at least in part due to feeding conditions.     

Compensatory and orienting eye movements induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) in monkeys

Nystagmus induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) about a head yaw axis is composed of a yaw bias velocity and modulations in eye position and velocity as the head changes orientation relative to gravity. The bias velocity is dependent on the tilt of the rotational axis relative to gravity and angular head velocity. For axis tilts <15 degrees, bias velocities increased monotonically with increases in the magnitude of the projected gravity vector onto the horizontal plane of the head. For tilts of 15-90 degrees, bias velocity was independent of tilt angle, increasing linearly as a function of head velocity with gains of 0.7-0.8, up to the saturation level of velocity storage. Asymmetries in OVAR bias velocity and asymmetries in the dominant time constant of the angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR) covaried and both were reduced by administration of baclofen, a GABA(B) agonist. Modulations in pitch and roll eye positions were in phase with nose-down and side-down head positions, respectively. Changes in roll eye position were produced mainly by slow movements, whereas vertical eye position changes were characterized by slow eye movements and saccades. Oscillations in vertical and roll eye velocities led their respective position changes by approximately 90 degrees, close to an ideal differentiation, suggesting that these modulations were due to activation of the orienting component of the linear vestibuloocular reflex (lVOR). The beating field of the horizontal nystagmus shifted the eyes 6.3 degrees /g toward gravity in side down position, similar to the deviations observed during static roll tilt (7.0 degrees /g). This demonstrates that the eyes also orient to gravity in yaw. Phases of horizontal eye velocity clustered ~180 degrees relative to the modulation in beating field and were not simply differentiations of changes in eye position. Contributions of orientating and compensatory components of the lVOR to the modulation of eye position and velocity were modeled using three components: a novel direct otolith-oculomotor orientation, orientation-based velocity modulation, and changes in velocity storage time constants with head position re gravity. Time constants were obtained from optokinetic after-nystagmus, a direct representation of velocity storage. When the orienting lVOR was combined with models of the compensatory lVOR and velocity estimator from sequential otolith activation to generate the bias component, the model accurately predicted eye position and velocity in three dimensions. These data support the postulates that OVAR generates compensatory eye velocity through activation of velocity storage and that oscillatory components arise predominantly through lVOR orientation mechanisms.     

髋臼骨关节面形态特征的研究

髋臼骨关节面生物形态特征的研究将有助于通过建立更为精确的髋臼三维模型来分析髋关节的生物力学性能 ,具有重要的临床意义。但在以往的研究中 ,髋臼骨关节面大多被简单认定为一球面。本研究通过三维激光扫描获取髋臼的三维形态数据 -点云数据 ,运用反球工程技术结合优化拟合算法 ,分别用球面和旋转椭球面逐步逼近原始的髋臼骨关节面 ,获得最佳的髋臼骨关节面匹配模型 ,分析比较此二项匹配模型间的匹配误差。对 15例髋骨的统计测量结果表明 ,旋转椭球面的匹配误差显著小于球面的匹配误差 ,其中拟合球半径平均值为 2 4 .37±2 .2 2 mm,拟合旋转椭球面长轴 (髋臼左右方向 )平均值为 2 6 .0 2± 2 .76 mm,短轴 (髋臼前后方向 )平均值为 2 4 .17± 2 .16 mm。该项研究首次对髋臼骨关节面形态作了定量的分析 ,有助于我们对髋臼骨形态的重新认识 ,进而为一系列以其为基础的相关研究及应用提供重要的参考     

一种自动优选标准型股骨柄的方法

髋关节置换手术中采用标准型假体时,术前只能大致选取假体,术中还要预备多个假体,往往手术时间增长。为了解决这一问题,本文提出一种利用计算机优选标准型髋关节假体的方法。从X线片中获取患者股骨解剖数据。利用这些解剖数据和股骨近端截面平均数据库三维重建患者股骨近端,重建出的股骨近端模型使优选标准假体成为可能。理论分析表明,该方法切实可行。     

Association of genetic polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene with endometrial hypoplasia in infertile women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) polymorphisms and endometrial hypoplasia in infertile women. METHODS: The study was conducted in 105 primary infertile patients with endometrial hypoplasia diagnosed by pathology and the thickness of endometrium by B-mode ultrasound and 85 controls who were not pregnant and had normal fertility. The -675 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerphim analysis. RESULTS: The frequencies of 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene were higher in the patient group (48.6% and 66.2%) than in the normal controls (22.4% and 47.1%) (P < 0.01). ThePAI-1 4G/4G genotype was significantly associated with endometrial hypoplasia in the infertile patients (OR=4.9, 95% CI: 2.10-10.12). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene was associated with endometrial hypoplasia in infertile patients.     

特殊染色和免疫组织化学染色在肾上皮性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨肾上皮性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 对91例具有较完整病理资料的肾上皮性肿瘤进行了常规组织学观察,Mowy胶状铁染色及CD10、细胞角蛋白(CK)7、波形蛋白免疫组织化学染色。结果 91例肾上皮性肿瘤中肾透明细胞癌78例,占86％;肾乳头状癌8例,占9％;肾嫌色细胞癌4例,占4％;肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤1例,占1％。78例肾透明细胞癌中CD10、波形蛋白阳性分别为63例(81％)和69例(88％),主要表现为细胞膜阳性。74／78肾透明细胞癌CK7呈阴性,17／17 Mowy胶状铁染色阴性或呈灶状粗颗粒。肾嫌色细胞癌4例,CK7均呈胞膜阳性;Mowy胶状铁染色表现为胞质内蓝色细网状;4例CD10肿瘤细胞膜均阴性,波形蛋白阴性。肾嗜酸细胞腺癌1例CD10,CK7,波形蛋白,Mowy胶状铁染色均为阴性或不特异。结论 在常规诊断肾上皮性肿瘤有困难时免疫组织化学CD10,CK7,波形蛋白染色以及Mowy胶状铁染色对鉴别诊断有帮助。