依据膀胱安全容量的排尿指导预防原位回肠膀胱术后患者上尿路损害

目的探讨依据膀胱安全容量指导患者排尿在原位回肠膀胱术后上尿路损害预防中的作用。方法选取62例规律行尿动力学检查并接受排尿指导(A组)和29例缺乏规律尿动力学检查未接受排尿指导(B组)的原位回肠膀胱术后患者,对比分析2组患者的尿动力学检查、泌尿系彩超、排泄性尿路造影和肾功检查结果。结果术后1年,A组患者膀胱安全容量、最大膀胱容量与B组无显著差别(P>0.05),但A组残余尿量显著低于B组[(150.5±88.7)vs(220.3±102.5)ml,P<0.05],A组上尿路损害的发生率显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论依据膀胱安全容量和残余尿量指导患者科学排尿,有利于预防原位回肠膀胱术后患者上尿路损害的发生。     

Neuropsychological studies on lead workers in Singapore.

The neuropsychological performance of a group of 49 workers occupationally exposed to lead was compared with a matched control group of 36 non-exposed workers. The psychometric measurements were composed of tests covering a broad range of different neuropsychological functions, particular emphasis being given to perceptual motor ability and attention concentration functioning. A questionnaire to assess subjective symptoms in mood, sleep disturbance, poor concentration and forgetfulness, somatic complaints, and social passivity was also included in the battery of tests. Compared with the controls, the performance of the lead workers was found to be significantly poorer for digit symbol, Bourdon-Wiersma, trail making test (part A), Santa Ana test, flicker fusion, and simple reaction time. In terms of subjective symptoms the exposed group also reported significantly more complaints of anxiety and depressed mood, poor concentration and forgetfulness, and other somatic complaints. These differences were observed among lead workers with a mean blood lead value of 2.35 mumol/l (SD 0.7).     

A study on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among Chinese adult males in Singapore

A study was conducted in Singapore on 8829 Chinese men aged 35 years or more to determine whether the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity is associated with the source from which the subjects were recruited, or with occupation as an indicator of socioeconomic status. The HBsAg prevalence rates were significantly different (p less than 0.0001) among the five source groups: 8.3% in healthy blood donors, 7.8 in other healthy subjects, 9.2 in non-hepatic outpatients, 10.3 in hospital non-hepatic patients who were not gravely ill, and 11.2 in hospital non-hepatic patients who were gravely ill. After statistical adjustment by multiple logistic regression for age and occupation, the odds ratio (using 'other healthy subjects' as the reference group) ranged from 0.98 (95% CL = 0.65-1.47) for healthy blood donors to 1.42 (95% CL = 0.95-2.12) for hospital non-hepatic patients who were gravely ill. The HBsAg prevalence rates were also significantly different (p less than 0.0001) among occupations: 8.5% in professional, technical and administrative personnel, 9.7 in clerical, sales and services personnel, 10.3 in agricultural and factory workers and unskilled labourers, and 10.5 among the unemployed and retired. After statistical adjustment for age and source groups, the odds ratio (using professional, technical and administrative subjects as the reference group) ranged from 1.07 (95% CL = 0.99-1.17) for the unemployed and retired subjects, to 1.19 (95% CL = 0.93-1.53) for agricultural and factory workers and unskilled labourers.     

临床前列腺评分对膀胱出口梗阻的诊断价值

目的　提高传统方法诊断良性前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的客观性。　方法　通过年龄、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、前列腺体积 (Vp)、最大单纯尿流率 (Qmaxz)和剩余尿指数(PVRr)等传统指标与尿动力学压力 流率分析结果之间及传统指标之间的相关性研究 ,以组特异性尿道阻力因子 (URA)作为应变量行多因素逐步回归分析 ,拟出多元回归方程 ,计算临床前列腺评分(CPS)并检测其诊断BOO的客观性。　结果　年龄、IPSS、Vp、Qmaxz 和PVRr等传统诊断指标均与客观梗阻相关 ,但单一指标不适于客观诊断BOO ;多元回归方程为CPS =4 9.8- 3.3Qmaxz 0 .5IPSS 0 .2Vp 7.5PVRr,CPS与客观梗阻的相关系数为 0 .6 2 9,明显高于单一传统诊断指标。CPS≥ 35时 ,诊断梗阻的敏感性和特异性分别为 83.7%和 85 .8% ;CPS <2 5时 ,BOO可能性仅为 8.6 %。　结论　综合多个传统诊断指标的CPS对BOO有良好的诊断价值。     

Survey of acute pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in four Asian countries

The study investigated the extent of acute pesticide poisoning in selected agricultural communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, as well as the contributing factors, because it is believed that this type of poisoning is a major problem in developing countries, but not in the industrialized countries, despite their extensive use of pesticides. The study confirmed the existence of this problem, which was found to be due to inadequate knowledge of the safe practices in the use of pesticides among users and to the lack of suitable protective clothing for use by agricultural workers in hot and humid climates.     

正位回结肠和回肠膀胱替代术尿控差异的对照研究

目的：通过根治性膀胱全切术后回结肠和回肠正位膀胱替代术的临床观察,重点评价两种术式的尿控及其对上尿路的影响及机制。方法：从2002～2006年期间行标准的根治性膀胱全切术后行正位膀胱替代术中选取获得随访的膀胱癌患者31例,其中17例采用回结肠新膀胱重建术（Le Bag术）,14例采用回肠新膀胱重建术（Studer术）。术后3个月内（近期）和3个月后（远期）观察相关并发症和尿控情况,并行尿动力学检查和静脉肾盂造影或B超检查。结果：回结肠新膀胱组手术后并发症率为11．8％（2／17）;回肠新膀胱组并发症率为14．3％（2／14）。虽然回结肠新膀胱组3个月后白天完全获得尿控76．4％（13／17）．低于回肠新膀胱组92．8％（13／14）,但统计学差异不显著;而夜间社会性尿控回肠新膀胱组7I．4％（10／14）,显著高于回结肠新膀胱组35．3％（6／17）。尿动力学结果表明两组间的尿流率、功能尿道长度、最大尿道压和新膀胱压力无明显差异,但回结肠新膀胱组容量高于回肠新膀胱组,而顺应性则低于回肠新膀胱组。此外。回结肠新膀胱组的上尿路扩张发生率为11．8％（2／17）,略高于回肠新膀胱组0（0／14）。结论：虽然回结肠新膀胱在近期能获得较大容量,但由于回结肠新膀胱顺应性较回肠新膀胱低,因而在获得满意的尿控和对上尿路的保护上,回肠新膀胱更具优势。