Prompt surgery is effective for acute type A aortic dissection with cerebral ischemia

BackgroundAcute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) with preoperative cerebral ischemia (CI) is common and lethal, but the timing and treatment method remain uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed our aTAAD patients with CI and analyzed the outcomes and related risk factors.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2019, 1,173 patients diagnosed with aTAAD from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were enrolled. Among them, 131 patients had CI preoperatively (CI group), and 1,042 patients were in the non-CI group. One hundred eight in the CI group and 984 in the non-CI group received central repair surgery. Fifteen patients had postoperative cerebral complications (CC) and 93 had non-CCs. ROC curves were used to identify the safe duration of preoperative CI.ResultsThe CI group was older (56.3 vs. 53.2 years, P=0.013) and had lower rates of pain, chest pain and back pain (77.9% vs. 94.4%, 75.4% vs. 87.5% and 30.8% vs. 42.3%, respectively) than the non-CI group. The CI group had a higher rate of preoperative hypotension and tamponade (13.7% vs. 6.0%, 26.9% vs. 10.4%, respectively; P=0.000). More patients in the CI group did not receive central repair surgery, and the CI had higher mortality (28.2% vs. 15.9%). CI without central repair surgery was a strong risk factor for mortality. CI patients with CC after central repair had a higher mortality, and preoperative coma was the strongest risk factor for postoperative CC.A duration between CI symptoms and central repair surgery of less than 12.75 hours is recommended.ConclusionsPrompt surgery is effective for aTAAD with CI, and preoperative coma and a safe duration longer than 12.75 hours would predict worse outcomes.     

起病类似1型糖尿病的2型家族性部分性脂肪萎缩糖尿病一例

脂肪萎缩糖尿病是一类由于胰岛素作用的遗传缺陷所致的特殊类型糖尿病,本文中报道了一例脂肪萎缩糖尿病女性患者,于青春期以高血糖伴酮症、胰腺炎起病,起病时空腹C肽低,诊断为特发1型糖尿病后,进一步检查发现患者月经紊乱,全身体脂比例降低,部分脂肪萎缩以及皮肤黑棘皮样改变,辅助检查显示高血糖和高甘油三酯血症,肝功能异常,空腹与餐后C肽明显增高,重度脂肪肝及双侧卵巢多囊样改变。并且其父亲亦存在部分脂肪萎缩和高甘油三酯血症,经基因检测提示该患者及其父亲均存在LMNA Lys486Glu突变,由于该患者起病方式较为特殊,其脂肪萎缩范围较同型患者更广,且存在LAMN基因新的氨基酸改变,提示可能为家族性部分脂肪萎缩糖尿病2型这一新的亚型。     

女性护骨素和转化生长因子-β水平对骨转换率的影响

目的了解女性护骨素(OPG)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)与骨转换指标的关系及其对骨转换指标的影响。方法研究长沙地区691名健康女性(年龄20~80岁)的血清OPG、TGF-β1和TGF-β2,以及血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素(OC)、血清I型胶原N-末端肽(sNTX)、血清I型胶原C-末端肽(sCTX)、尿NTX(uNTX)、尿CTX(uCTX)和尿脱氧吡啶酚(uDPD),并分析这些细胞因子与各种骨转换指标之间的关系。结果血清OPG和TGF-β2与血清BAP、OC、uNTX、uCTX和uDPD呈显著正相关(r=0.145~0.397,P均=0.000),血清TGF-β1与BAP、OC、sCTX、uNTX和uCTX呈显著负相关(r=-0.114~-0.286,P均=0.004~0.000)。调整年龄和BMI之后,它们之间的偏相关系数多数仍然有意义。多元线性回归分析显示,OPG和TGF-β2对BAP、uNTX和uCTX是一个正性决定因素,可分别解释这些指标0.6%~16.6%的变异。TGF-β1对BAP、OC、和uCTX是一个负性决定因素,可以分别解释这些指标变异的0.7%~7.3%。结论本研究揭示了女性OPG和TGF-β与骨转换指标的关系,提示循环中的OPG和TGF-β是骨转换速率的重要决定因素。     

基于“脾胰同源”应用养阴益气活血法减少血糖波动干预糖尿病大血管病变的研究

目的探讨基于"脾胰同源"应用养阴益气活血法观察参芪复方对糖尿病血糖波动的影响。方法建立由高脂饲料喂养的糖尿病大血管并发症大鼠模型,实验分为空白组,模型组,参芪复方组,西药西格列汀组,各组灌胃8周。实验期间观察动物一般状况,在灌胃的第4周每周1次测定1日内5个时间点的血糖情况,并计算MBG、SDBG、LABG值。灌胃8周后处死GK大鼠,检测各组血脂水平、CRP、血清胰岛素、血清胰高血糖素、血清GLP-1,对腹主动脉及胰腺组织进行HE染色后进行病理形态学观察。结果参芪组一般状况优于模型组,血糖波动方面,每日平均血糖标准差(SDBG)和最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)值优于模型组。甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)以及C反应蛋白(CRP)较模型组降低,但与西药组无统计学意义。胰岛素(INS)与胰高血糖素(GC)与模型组相比,无统计学意义;而GLP-1较模型组有显著的差异(P<0.01)。病理方面,参芪组腹主动脉和胰腺切片优于模型组和西药组。结论应用参芪复方可以改善糖尿病大血管病变GK大鼠的一般状态,提高GLP-1的浓度,控制血糖的波动幅度;且可以改善脂代谢紊乱,降低CRP,减轻模型GK大鼠血管内皮损伤,延缓糖尿病大血管病变的进展。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺手术与开放手术的比较

目的:比较与评价后腹腔镜与开放性手术在治疗肾上腺疾病中的临床价值。方法:回顾分析54例后腹腔镜肾上腺手术和47例开放肾上腺手术的临床资料,统计分析两种术式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率等的差异。结果:54例后腹腔镜肾上腺手术,除6例中转开放,余均获成功。两组平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间及术后住院天数分别为:(63.5±32.3)min和(125.2±47.6)min;(35.6±21.8)ml和(287.9±179.2)ml;(2.3±1.1)天和(4.1±1.4)天;(5.6±1.8)天和(9.5±2.1)天。1例后腹腔镜手术因膈肌破裂行开放修补。开放组6例胸膜破裂,1例损伤下腔静脉大出血(>1200ml),8例因切口感染或脂肪液化等伤口延迟愈合。结论:后腹腔镜肾上腺手术在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间等均优于开放手术,并发症发生率低于开放手术,因此,后腹腔镜肾上腺手术可作为肾上腺外科手术的首选治疗方法。     

Onset of cardiac function during early mouse embryogenesis coincides with entry of primitive erythroblasts into the embryo proper

When cardiac function and blood flow are first established are fundamental questions in mammalian embryogenesis. The earliest erythroblasts arise in yolk sac blood islands and subsequently enter the embryo proper to initiate circulation. Embryos staged 0 to 30 somites (S) were examined in utero with 40- to 50-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)-Doppler, to determine onset of embryonic heartbeat and blood flow and to characterize basic physiology of the very early mouse embryonic circulation. A heartbeat was first detected at 5 S, and blood vascular flow at 7 S. Heart rate, peak arterial velocity, and velocity-time integral showed progressive increases that indicated a dramatically increasing cardiac output from even the earliest stages. In situ hybridization revealed an onset of the heartbeat coincident with the appearance of yolk sac-derived erythroblasts in the embryo proper at 5 S. Early maturation of the circulation follows a tightly coordinated program.