~（99m）Tc－Phy肝血流断层对肝病诊断的价值

１１９例肝血流断层显像（ＨＢＦ－ＥＣＴ）结果表明,肝血流动力学变化可分为正常（Ｎ）、迟缓（Ｄ）、脾高（Ｓ）、门脉高压（ＰＨ）、冷占位（ＣＣ）、动脉性冷和热占位（ＡＣ、ＡＷ）等七型。肝动脉指数（ＨＡＩ）、摄取指数（ＨＵＩ）、脾肝比（Ｓ／Ｌ）之总体均数差和组间均数差皆有显著意义。慢肝组为Ｄ或Ｎ型。门脉高压７８．９％为ＰＨ型,其阳性及阴性预测率为９１．８％及１００％,ＨＡＩ和Ｓ／Ｌ亦显著高于前者,肝硬变之ＨＵＩ明显减低而非肝硬变门脉高压者仍在正常范围。巨脾患者为Ｓ型,ＨＵＩ及ＨＡＩ正常。ＣＣ型诊断良性肿物准确性为８０％,ＡＣ型诊恶性肿瘤准确性为８３．６％。ＡＷ型对肝局限结节性增生具有病因特异性。     

Adding a dimension to the infrared spectra of interfaces using heterodyne detected 2D sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy

In the last ten years, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy has become an important technique for studying molecular structures and dynamics. We report the implementation of heterodyne detected two-dimensional sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy, which is the analog of 2D infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, but is selective to noncentrosymmetric systems such as interfaces. We implement the technique using mid-IR pulse shaping, which enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and automatic phasing. Absorptive spectra are obtained, that have the highest frequency resolution possible, from which we extract the rephasing and nonrephasing signals that are sometimes preferred. Using this technique, we measure the vibrational mode of CO adsorbed on a polycrystalline Pt surface. The 2D spectrum reveals a significant inhomogenous contribution to the spectral line shape, which is quantified by simulations. This observation indicates that the surface conformation and environment of CO molecules is more complicated than the simple "atop" configuration assumed in previous work. Our method can be straightforwardly incorporated into many existing SFG spectrometers. The technique enables one to quantify inhomogeneity, vibrational couplings, spectral diffusion, chemical exchange, and many other properties analogous to 2D IR spectroscopy, but specifically for interfaces.     

Anthrax lethal factor inhibition

The primary virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis is a secreted zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin known as lethal factor (LF) that is lethal to the host through disruption of signaling pathways, cell destruction, and circulatory shock. Inhibition of this proteolytic-based LF toxemia could be expected to provide therapeutic value in combination with an antibiotic during and immediately after an active anthrax infection. Herein is shown the crystal structure of an intimate complex between a hydroxamate, (2R)-2-[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino]-N-hydroxy-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetamide, and LF at the LF-active site. Most importantly, this molecular interaction between the hydroxamate and the LF active site resulted in (i) inhibited LF protease activity in an enzyme assay and protected macrophages against recombinant LF and protective antigen in a cell-based assay, (ii) 100% protection in a lethal mouse toxemia model against recombinant LF and protective antigen, (iii) approximately 50% survival advantage to mice given a lethal challenge of B. anthracis Sterne vegetative cells and to rabbits given a lethal challenge of B. anthracis Ames spores and doubled the mean time to death in those that died in both species, and (iv) 100% protection against B. anthracis spore challenge when used in combination therapy with ciprofloxacin in a rabbit "point of no return" model for which ciprofloxacin alone provided 50% protection. These results indicate that a small molecule, hydroxamate LF inhibitor, as revealed herein, can ameliorate the toxemia characteristic of an active B. anthracis infection and could be a vital adjunct to our ability to combat anthrax.     

Anti-CCL25 Antibody Prolongs Skin Allograft Survival by Blocking CCR9 Expression and Impairing Splenic T-Cell Function

Chemokines, by virtue of their ability to recruit immune cells into allografts, play critical roles in acute transplantation rejection. CCR9 and its ligand, CCL25, is one of the key regulators of thymocyte migration and maturation in normal and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, several studies have revealed that high expression of CCR9 and CCL25 participated in many kinds of diseases. However, the role of CCR9 in allograft rejection is still unclear. In this study, we established a murine skin transplantation model of acute rejection. Our findings showed that the proportion of CCR9-expressing T cells was significantly increased in the spleen of allotransplanted mice compared with syngeneic transplantation. Furthermore, expression of CCL25 in allograft was similarly increased. Neutralization of CCL25 by intravenous injection of anti-CCL25 monoclonal antibody significantly prolonged skin allograft survival, decreased the number of infiltrating cells, and simultaneously suppressed the chemotactic ability and the proliferation of the splenic T cells in response to allogeneic antigens. Finally, blockade of CCL25 also diminished the secretion of IFN-γ by splenic T cells. These studies indicated that CCR9/CCL25 was involved in acute transplantation rejection and anti-CCL25 strategies might be useful in preventing acute rejection.     

消食贴敷脐治疗小儿厌食症的临床与实验研究

为探讨新型外用消食贴治疗小儿厌食症的疗效，将173例厌食症患儿随机分为消食贴治疗组103例，口服枳术丸对照组70例，并对两组疗效进行观察、结果发现治疗组有效率89．32％，对照组有效率87．14％，两组总体疗效接近；治疗后两组患儿摄食量，血Fe、Zn，血红蛋白等指标升高，症状积分均降低；治疗组摄食量指标优于对照组。动物实验结果发现，消食贴能促进动物肠蠕动及吸收功能，提高动物血清淀粉酶活性，有利于食物的消化吸收。研究表明，消食贴是治疗小儿厌食症的有效外用膏剂。     

Tissue Kallikrein Prevents Restenosis After Stenting of Severe Atherosclerotic Stenosis of the Middle Cerebral Artery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

In-stent restenosis (ISR) following intracranial artery stenting affects long-term clinical outcome. This randomized controlled trial sought to identify the long-term efficacy of exogenous tissue kallikrein (TK) for preventing ISR after intracranial stenting of symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerotic stenosis.Sixty-one patients successfully treated with intracranial stenting for symptomatic MCA M1 segment stenosis (>70%) were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups: control group and TK group. Patients in the TK group received human urinary kallidinogenase for 7 days, followed by maintenance therapy of pancreatic kallikrein for 6 months. The primary end point was angiographically verified ISR at 6 months, and secondary end points included vascular events and death within 12 months. Endogenous TK plasma concentrations of patients were measured before stenting and at the 6-month follow-up time-point.Patients in the TK group had lower occurrence rates of ISR and vascular events than patients in the control group. There was no difference in endogenous TK levels in plasma at 6 months postoperatively between the TK and control groups. Further subgroup analysis revealed that patients without ISR had higher endogenous TK levels at baseline and lower concentrations at 6 months postoperatively compared with patients who underwent ISR.Exogenous TK is effective for the prevention of ISR after intracranial stenting.