一种改进的溶血素测定法

目的：改进溶血素测定方法。方法：在待测样品中加入Ｓｙｓｍｅｘ公司生产的快速溶血剂－Ⅱ,用半自动生化仪测Ｄ５４０,计算出样品半数溶血值ＨＣ５０。结果：用该方法测定联苯双酯、环磷酰胺和阿司匹林３种已知药物对绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）致敏小鼠产生溶血素的影响,分别为无作用、抑制和增强,与以往文献报道的结果一致。结论：改进的溶血素测定法操作简单省时,可以用于药物筛选和药效评价。     

白血病导致的阴茎异常勃起11例诊治

目的探讨自血病相关阴茎异常勃起的诊疗特点及预后。方法回顾性分析1992年2月至2005年1月我院11例白血病相关阴茎异常勃起患者的临床资料及随访记录。结果本组。11例均为慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）。年龄18～56岁，平均23岁。阴茎异常勃起均为低流量型，持续勃起时间8～72h，平均25．3h。11例经治疗后异常勃起均获缓解，其中非手术治疗4例，手术治疗7例，术后阴茎完全恢复疲软时间0H5d，平均2．8d。8例随访时间3～20个月，平均14．7个月，3例失随访。6例于术后7d～5月恢复勃起功能，平均26d，其中2例持续勃起≤12h，3例为13~24h，1例为25～48h。2例术后出现勃起功能障碍，其中1例持续勃起25～48h，1例〉48h。结论白血病导致的阴茎异常勃起以血液动力学分类主要为缺血型，为了避免阴茎缺血坏死及继发阴茎勃起障碍，应该尽可能地在24h内采取包括外科处理、化疗及血细胞分离等有效手段解除病理性勃起状态。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术64例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）治疗胆总管结石的临床经验和疗效。方法回顾性分析64例施行LCBDE患者的临床资料。结果中转开腹3例,成功施行LCBDE 61例,其中行胆总管一期缝合．21例,T管引流40例。平均手术时间110（60～180）min,平均住院时间7（5～14）d。术后发生胆漏2例,胆总管残石3例。47例平均随访18个月,结石复发3例,经再手术治愈。结论LCBDE治疗胆总管结石创伤小、住院时间短、痛苦小,对符合手术适应证的患者而言,不失为一种安全有效的方法。     

超声检查在甲状腺疾病诊断中的价值

随着超声医学的发展，超声检查在临床应用日益广泛，尤其在浅表器官的疾病检查中，它不仅能观察病变组织形态、结构、边缘、内部回声等二维表现，而且可了解病变部位的血流分布情况并得到血流频谱参数及测值，通过超声造影新技术反应局部组织血流灌注状态。由于超声检查具有非侵入性、无辐射、可反复检查等优点，它已成为甲状腺疾病诊断中的不可或缺的手段，在甲状腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断方面发挥着十分重要的作用。现就超声检查在甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值简述如下。     

胰腺假性囊肿43例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析43例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术8例(18.6%),单纯囊肿切除10例(23.3%),囊肿切除、胰尾部+脾切除术3例(7.0%),囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例(44.2%),囊肿胃吻合3例(7.0%)。结果术后发生并发症6例:1例囊肿胃吻合患者术后出现消化道出血,2例单纯囊肿外引流患者发生胰漏,1例囊肿空肠吻合者术后发生逆行感染,切口感染2例。随访37例,复发急性胰腺炎1例。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗度过急性期后,应根据病情选择合适的术式治疗。     

磁共振对脊髓型颈椎病前路减压及融合术后评价

目的：研究脊髓型颈椎病前路减压及融合术后的MRI表现与临床意义,评价术后MRI表现及其与术后疗效的关系。方法：回顾性分析58例脊髓型颈椎病患者对照术前与术后MRI图像与临床资料,观察颈椎磁共振影像表现与临床疗效间的关系。结果：前路减压术中植骨MRI信号强度根据手术时间由低逐渐向等信号转变,而纯钛钢板均为无信号影,术前仅表现出骨赘和椎间盘突出者其术后功能改善好,而术后功能不佳者术前MRI特征表现为脊髓T2WI高信号,融合平面与融合相邻椎间层面出现不同程度的脊髓受压。结论：MRI可根据信号变化反映前路植骨融合状况,并通过术后MRI不同表现为评价脊髓型颈椎病前路术后的功能变化提供了影像学基础。     

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目的探讨急性动脉栓塞病人麻醉处理方法.方法对52例急诊动脉栓塞病人行54次急诊Fogarty气囊导管取栓术.ASA分级在3级以上占76.92%.采用局麻2例,臂丛麻醉4例次,硬膜外麻醉33例次,全麻15例.麻醉期间对高血压、冠心病病人应用压宁定、硝酸甘油,对房颤病人应用去乙酰毛花甙丙,在取栓前静注肝素5000～6000U,取栓前后应用5%碳酸氢钠各100～150mL.结果全麻组病人麻醉后心率明显下降(P＜0.05);麻醉后全麻组与硬膜外组休克指数比较全麻组休克状态有所改善(P＜0.05);硬膜外组入手术室和麻醉后休克指数比较无改善,反而恶化(P＜0.01).49例康复,3例死亡.结论对动脉栓塞合并房颤病人术中可酌情使用强心甙类药物,增加心肌收缩力.术中应注意全面监测,适量补充液体,纠正病人失平衡状态.ASA在3级以上的病人手术选择全身麻醉为适宜.     

Sterile, benign radiculitis associated with lumbosacral lateral recess spinal canal stenosis: evaluation with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Two cases of symptomatic lumbar lateral recess stenosis are described in which the compressed nerve root became focally enhanced on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed with gadolinium DTPA. Two men with low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy were examined with contrast-enhanced MRI studies, which showed intradural enhancement of the symptomatic nerve roots. In selected cases of lateral recess stenosis, focal radicular injury may be visualized on enhanced MRI as a result of a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.     

The protective effects of 17beta-estradiol on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat model, associated with regulation of heat-shock protein expression

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which was commonly seen in the field of hepatic surgical intervention, impaired liver regeneration and predisposed to liver failure. Previous studies have shown gender dimorphic response of the liver for various hepatic stresses including I/R injury, hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation, liver cirrhosis, endotoxemia, and chronic alcoholic consumption, and demonstrated gender dimorphism in hepatocellular dysfunction after experimental trauma and hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the protective effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in hepatic I/R injury were associated with increasing heat-shock protein 70 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were randomly divided into male and female sham, I/R, and E2 + I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver ischemia and reperfusion was used. Except for the sham-operated groups, all rats were subjected to 70% liver ischemia for 45 min followed by resection of the remaining 30% nonischemic lobes and reperfusion of ischemic tissue. For each group, five rats were used to investigate the survival during a week after operation; blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, liver tissue NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-), malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxidase activity, Hsp70 expression, and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS: Compared with I/R groups, male and female E2 + I/R groups showed less I/R-induced injury, and SOD and eNOS activity and Hsp70 expression were increased significantly (P < 0.01). A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in the I/R group versus the E2 + I/R group, a significant increase of MDA, NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-), and MPO of liver tissues and serum transaminase were also observed in the I/R group versus the E2 + I/R group. The survival rate was significantly higher in the male E2 + I/R group than in the male I/R group. CONCLUSION: E2 pretreatment had protective effects on liver in hepatic I/R injury. The mechanism of this protection might be related to overexpression of Hsp70.     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。