性别异常的染色体组型分析

为了进一步探讨性别异常发生的机制及染色体组型与表型性别的相关性 ,对 33例性别异常病人的染色体组型和临床资料进行分析。结果表明 :46XY男性假两性畸形占 5 7 5 7% ,46XX女性假两性畸形为 18 18% ,真两性畸形的组型有12 12 % ,其他组型为 12 12 %。含Y染色体组型的病人 88 8%可以找到睾丸 ,但 73 6 8%的病人表现为女性社会性别。性染色体与社会性别的相符率为 42 82 %。还发现 2例男性假两性畸形其性染色体正常 ,但常染色体分别为臂间倒位及 13和 14号染色体间的易位时 ,也可以导致性别异常。结论 :性染色体决定着性腺分化的方向 ,但成熟的性腺和正常的性别发育还需除性染色体之外的多条染色体、多个基因的参与。     

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a neurovirulent Zika virus isolated from Cambodia in 2019

The geographic range of Zika virus (ZIKV) has expanded from Asia to the Americas, leading to the 2015–2016 pandemic with enhanced neurovirulence. At present, ZIKV is continuously circulating in many Southeast Asian countries. Unfortunately, the persistent evolution of ZIKV in Southeast Asia and its influence on the biological characteristics of the virus remain incompletely understood. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo properties of a new ZIKV isolate obtained from Cambodia in 2019 (CAM/2019) were characterized and compared with those of the Cambodian strain (CAM/2010). Compared with CAM/2010, the CAM/2019 virus showed similar plaque morphology and growth curves in cell cultures and induced comparable viremia and organ viral loads profiles in both BALB/c and A129 (IFNAR1^−/−) mice upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation. Remarkably, the CAM/2019 virus exhibited enhanced neurovirulence in neonatal mice compared with CAM/2010, with a 74-fold reduction in the 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀). Consistently, CAM/2019 produced higher viral loads in the brains of BALB/c neonatal mice than CAM/2010 did. Sequence alignment showed that the CAM/2019 virus has acquired 12 amino acid substitutions, several of which were found to be associated with neurovirulence. In particular, the CAM/2019 virus shared an A1204T substitution in NS2A with the Thai isolate SI-BKK02 that was isolated from a microcephaly case. Taken together, our results indicate that a ZIKV strain isolated with specific mutations has emerged in Cambodia, highlighting the need for extensive molecular and disease surveillance in Cambodia and other Asian countries.     

血清HA、PCⅢ对慢性肝炎、肝硬化的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ对慢性肝炎,肝炎肝硬化的诊断价值,ＨＡ与ＰＣⅢ意相关关系以及它们的变化对预后的影响。方法 采用ＲＩＡ法同时检测慢性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化患者血清ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ含量,比较ＨＡ,ＰＣⅢ间关系,肝炎肝硬化组中存活病例与死亡病例的ＨＡ、ＰＣⅢ变化情况。     

联合内分泌治疗对前列腺和睾丸的影响

目的 探讨抑那通和缓退瘤联合治疗对正常前列腺,增生的前列腺（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌以及睾丸的作用。方法 对１６例接受联合内分泌治疗至少３个月且有治疗前后病理资料的前列腺癌患者的标本进行了系统的病理学检查。对内分泌治疗后的睾丸标本与同龄未接受治疗的进行对照研究。结果 １４例内分泌治疗后的前列腺标本２例未见残存癌灶,９例对治疗有明显的反应;３例对治疗反应差,治疗并未降低前列腺癌的病理分期。３例内分泌治疗后     

Preoperative infection prophylaxis with 1 % polyvidon-iodine solution based on the example of conjunctival staphylococci

Background: Most germs causing postoperative endophthalmitis derive from the conjunctival bacterial normal flora. Postoperative endophthalmitis is often induced by staphylococcal germs. The application of polyvidone-iodine solution to the conjunctiva is one possibility to reduce potential endophthalmitis-causing bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 1 % polyvidone-iodine solution concerning the reduction of colonization with staphylococci in the course of intraocular surgery. This is to evaluate the effectiveness of 1 % polyvidone-iodine solution concerning coagulase-negative and positive staphylococci.     

内眼手术前,后结膜囊细菌学研究

目的:探索眼科内眼手术前后结膜囊细菌学变化特点及临床眼科用药效果。方法:133眼需要行内眼手术的连续病例包括白内障手术68眼、青光眼手术39眼、视网膜脱离手术20眼、玻璃体切割术6眼。用133眼内眼手术病人手术前后的结膜刮片及68眼白内障手术术毕的前房冲洗液作细菌培养,并作药敏试验。结果:133眼内眼手术患者入院时结膜刮片作细菌培养有61眼(45.85％)培养出细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌23眼、表皮葡萄球菌25眼、G~ 杆菌13眼;手术消毒前结膜囊刮片有8眼(6％)仍培养出细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌3眼,表皮葡萄球菌5眼;68眼白内障手术患者前房冲洗液中仅1眼(1.5％)培养出细菌,为表皮葡萄球菌;术毕时结膜刮片4眼(3％)培养出细菌,所培养出来的细菌均对妥布霉素、庆大霉素、先锋Ⅵ、万古霉素和利福平敏感,而对四环素、氯霉素、红霉素、氧氟沙星耐药。结论:肉眼手术前应用有效抗菌素至为重要,可预防眼内炎的发生,但不可轻视手术无菌操作。眼科学报1999;15:267-269。     

下斜肌转位术治疗分离性垂直偏斜

分离性垂直偏斜（简称DVD）亦称上隐斜。该病病因不清,治疗方法亦各不相同,临床较多采用上直肌减弱术。下斜肌止端转位术是KratZ1989年报道的一种新的DVD矫正术。近三年我们采用上直肌后徙术及下斜肌止端转位术治疗DVD,取得较好疗效。现报告如下,l临床资料11对象本组16例,年龄7一月岁,男6例,女10例,合并内斜9例,合并外斜5例,Helveston综合征2例。患者术前均行视力、屈光状态、眼位、注视性质、眼底、三棱镜及同视机检查。1．2手术设计及效果DVD手术定量主要根据第一眼位用交替遮盖试验测量最大斜视程度来决定,一般在Drp影…     

Studies on constituents of Korean basidiomycetes (L)

To find antitumor metabolites in Korean basidiomycetes, the shake-cultured mycelia of eight of the higher fungi were extracted with hot water and the extracts, after being partially purified, were subjected toin vivo antitumor test. When administeredi.p. at the dose of 30mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days into the female ICR mice, which had been implanted with 1×10⁵ cells of sarcoma 180 twenty-four hours before the first injection, the extracts ofAgaricus campestris, Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Armillaria tabescence andCalvatia exipulitormis respectively showed inhibition ratios of 64.1%, 65.4%, 60.0%, 53.0% and 49.3%. These five species were selected for further study, whereas the extracts ofPhallus impudicus, Coprinus comatus andPholiota squarrosa which showed the inhibition ratios of 31.2%, 33.5% and 19.0% were discontinued.     

HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products affect neuronal physiology leading to cellular demise: relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia

Viral and cellular products from HIV-1-infected and/or immune competent mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (brain macrophages and microglia) affect neuronal function during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Neurotoxic MP factors include, but are not limited to, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, platelet activating factor, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, nitric oxide, progeny virions and viral structural and regulatory proteins. The mechanisms for immune-mediated neural injury in HAD, only now, are being unraveled. In this regard, we reviewed the current knowledge of how postmitotic neurons, which can neither divide nor be replaced, are damaged by MP secretory activities. Linking neuronal function with brain MP activation was made possible by placing viral and/or immune products onto neurons and measuring cell signaling events or through ex vivo electrophysiological tests on MP-treated brain slices. Such linkages are shown, in this report, by select demonstrations of MP factors which cause neuronal dysfunction in HAD.