不同频率电针辅助麻醉对甲状腺手术应激反应的影响

目的:探寻电针辅助麻醉中可达到最佳麻醉效果的电针频率。方法:将60例择期甲状腺手术患者随机分为A、B、C组,每组20例。A组选用2Hz/100Hz疏密波刺激,B组选用2Hz/15Hz疏密波刺激,C组为不接电针的对照组。刺激双侧合谷、内关穴。针刺诱导15min后行颈丛神经阻滞。观察各组镇痛效果,比较各组患者在麻醉前(T1)、诱导后切皮前(T2)、术中牵拉甲状腺时(T3)、术毕(T4)4个时间点血浆皮质醇(COR)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)浓度的变化。结果:镇痛效果显著率以B组(80.0%,16/20)为最高,A组(50.0%,10/20)居中,C组(10.0%,2/20)最低。T2时间点A组COR含量最高;T3时间点B组COR含量最低。术毕时3组COR含量均达到最高水平,仍然以B组最低。B组血浆β-EP在T3、T4两个时间点较前明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:在电针辅助麻醉中2Hz/15Hz的疏密波刺激频率比2Hz/100Hz的麻醉效果更佳,更能抑制手术麻醉带来的应激反应。     

有序介孔硅胶提高难溶性药物白藜芦醇的溶出速率

本研究的目的是制备有序介孔硅胶并考察其作为难溶性药物载体的体外药物释放特点。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板合成了有序介孔硅胶, 以白藜芦醇为模型药物, 采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、N₂吸附-脱附、X-射线衍射和红外光谱对载药前后的有序介孔硅胶进行表征, 并考察药物体外释放行为。结果表明, 合成的有序介孔硅胶比表面积大、粒度均匀, 具有有序六方孔道结构, 载药后药物以无定形态或分子态存在, 释放速率明显提高。有序介孔硅胶有望成为新型的难溶性药物载体。     

Clinical–pathological characteristics and health care for Tibetan women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey

Background

The rural and urban integration health-care system is a new and improved health-care system in Tibet, China. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these improvements might alter the clinical–pathologic characteristics of Tibetan female with breast cancer in Tibet.

粉防己碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离钙的影响(英文)

目的:研究粉防己碱对心肌的作用。方法:采用Fura-2和AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统测定培养大鼠单个心肌细胞胞内游离钙。结果:外钙1.3mmol·L~(-1)时,细胞静息钙为90±12nmol·L~(-1)。粉防己碱不影响静息钙,但可明显抑制CaCl_2,KCl,哇巴因引起的胞内钙增高;对于去甲肾上腺素引起的胞内钙增高,粉防己碱只有在外钙存在时,方对其有抑制作用。结论;粉防己碱抑制钙离子的跨膜运动,但在心肌细胞,它并非是选择性的钙通道阻滞剂。     

大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗毒副作用系统分析

目的总结大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HDMTX)治疗的毒副作用,为优化HDMTX治疗提供理论基础。方法回顾性分析601例次接受HDMTX治疗的120例急性淋巴细胞白血病或非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿临床资料,按照WHO抗癌药物毒副作用分级标准对各系统毒副作用进行分析。结果 HDMTX治疗后骨髓抑制几乎出现在所有患儿,以粒细胞减少最为多见(93.3%)。最常见的消化系统毒副作用是谷丙转氨酶升高(60.4%);泌尿系统最常见的毒副作用是蛋白尿(9.2%);皮肤症状发生率最高的为皮肤红斑(7.2%);神经系统毒副作用如痛觉过敏、肢体麻木或头痛仅观察到7例次。HDMTX的严重毒副作用仅见于血液系统和消化系统。与MTX3 g/m2组比较,5 g/m2 HDMTX组的24 h MTX血药浓度较高(P0.05),血红蛋白及血小板降低、口腔黏膜炎、蛋白尿和皮肤症状等毒副作用的发生率也较高(P0.05)。结论 HDMTX治疗后严重毒副作用主要发生在血液系统和消化系统,骨髓抑制、口腔黏膜炎、蛋白尿、皮肤症状等毒副作用的发生均有一定的剂量依赖性。     

Downregulation of ER-α36 expression sensitizes HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells to tamoxifen

Tamoxifen provided a successful treatment for ER-positive breast cancer for many years. However, HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells respond poorly to tamoxifen therapy presumably by pass. The molecular mechanisms underlying development of tamoxifen resistance have not been well established. Recently, we reported that breast cancer cells with high levels of ER-α36, a variant of ER-α, were resistant to tamoxifen and knockdown of ER-α36 expression in tamoxifen resistant cells with the shRNA method restored tamoxifen sensitivity, indicating that gained ER-α36 expression is one of the underlying mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Here, we found that tamoxifen induced expression of ER-α36-EGFR/HER2 positive regulatory loops and tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cells (MCF7/TAM) expressed enhanced levels of the loops. Disruption of the ER-α36-EGFR/HER2 positive regulatory loops with the dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib or ER-α36 down-regulator Broussoflavonol B in tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cells restored tamoxifen sensitivity. In addition, we also found both Lapatinib and Broussoflavonol B increased the growth inhibitory activity of tamoxifen in tumorsphere cells derived from MCF7/TAM cells. Our results thus demonstrated that elevated expression of the ER-α36-EGFR/HER2 loops is one of the mechanisms by which ER-positive breast cancer cells escape tamoxifen therapy. Our results thus provided a rational to develop novel therapeutic approaches for tamoxifen resistant patients by targeting the ER-α36-EGFR/HER2 loops.     

Interactive effects of morphine and dopaminergic compounds on spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys

Opiates and dopamine (DA) play key roles in learning and memory in humans and animals. Although interactions between these neurotransmitters have been found, their functional roles remain to be fully elucidated, and their dysfunction may contribute to human diseases and addiction. Here we investigated the interactions of morphine and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems with respect to learning and memory in rhesus monkeys by using the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) delayed-response task. Morphine and DA agonists (SKF-38393, apomorphine and bromocriptine) or DA antagonists (SKF-83566, haloperidol and sulpiride) were co-administered to the monkeys 30 min prior to the task. We found that dose-patterned co-administration of morphine with D1 or D2 antagonists or agonists reversed the impaired spatial working memory induced by morphine or the compounds alone. For example, morphine at 0.01 mg/kg impaired spatial working memory, while morphine (0.01 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.01 or 0.06 mg/kg) co-treatment ameliorated this effect. Our findings suggest that the interactions between morphine and dopaminergic compounds influence spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. A better understanding of these interactive relationships may provide insights into human addiction.     

锁定钢板结合微创钢板接骨技术和髓内钉固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效比较

目的对比锁定钢板结合微创钢板接骨技术(MIPO)和髓内钉固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年1月期间在航天中心医院骨科手术治疗的老年移位肱骨近端骨折患者51例的临床资料。依据治疗方法分为2组:MIPO组(n=29)和髓内钉组(n=22)。对比2组患者围术期指标、术后12 h切口的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、并发症发生情况。分别于术后3、6、12个月,采用Constant-Murley评分对2组患者肩关节功能恢复情况进行评价。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。2组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果 MIPO组和髓内钉组患者的手术切口长度均较小[(7.3±2.7)和(7.3±2.6)cm]、术中出血量较少[(79.7±25.7)和(78.3±21.4)ml]、手术耗时较短[(64.1±17.2)和(62.5±14.6)min]、术后12 h切口VAS评分较低[(2.47±0.81)和(2.44±0.69)分],2组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且术后3、6、12个月2组患者的Constant-Murley评分差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。但MIPO组患者术后并发症的发生率显著高于髓内钉组[17.24%(5/29)和9.09%(2/22),P0.05]。结论锁定钢板结合MIPO技术和髓内钉固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折都能获得较好疗效,髓内钉固定在控制并发症发生方面比锁定钢板结合MIPO技术更具优势。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉和联合拉力交锁髓内钉系统治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的对比股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和联合拉力交锁髓内钉系统(Inter Tan)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2018年2月至2019年2月期间航天中心医院骨科收治的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料,共49例。依据治疗方法分为2组:PFNA组(n=24)和Inter Tan组(n=25)。对比2组患者的手术时长、出血量、骨折愈合时长、住院时长、并发症发生率。对比2组患者随访6个月时的Harris评分和生活质量(QOL)评分。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。2组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果 2组患者术中均无螺钉松动穿出和固定断裂发生。PFNA组的手术时长[(43.04±6.25)和(72.58±6.49)min]和术中出血量[(124.5±18.8)和(238.9±25.6)ml]均显著低于Inter Tan组(P0.05)。PFNA组患者术后并发症发生率显著高于Inter Tan组(16.0%和4.2%,P0.05)。Inter Tan组和PFNA组术后6个月的Harris评分[(89.0±2.5)和(91.5±1.8)分]和QOL评分[(53.9±3.5)和(51.2±3.7)分]差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Inter Tan和PFNA对老年股骨粗隆间骨折均具有良好的临床疗效,二者各具优缺点,临床可根据患者实际情况进行选择。