食源性寄生虫病的控制与管理

近几年来,食源性寄生虫病的发病率明显上升,食品交叉污染、加工不当、不良摄食行为等是导致各类食源性寄生虫病发生的主要原因。加强对食品原料的控制,重视对从业人员的教育和培训;在餐饮业引入HACCP、量化分级管理体系等手段可以有效地控制食源性寄生虫病的发生。     

深圳市SARS流行病学调查分析

目的 描述深圳市SARS的流行病学特点,为进一步制定预防控制对策提供信息支持。方法 通过对医院收治的53例病人进行病例汇总及流行病学调查,描述流行概况。结果 深圳市53例SARS患者男比女为1．4：l,20～40岁的有29人(54．7％)。2、3月为发病高峰期;发病地点罗湖区及福田区各为19、20例;发病职业分布无差异。53例中30人(56．6％)有接触史或／及去广东其他城市、香港旅游史,其中于医院接触而发病的有9例(17．0％)。53例中有5个家庭发生家庭聚集病例,2个单位出现群发病例,共累及21人(39．6％)．死亡2人。深圳医护人员无一人发病。结论 此次SARS于深圳流行过程中,以青壮年发病多见,男性发病稍多．发病地点多为人口密集的商业区,多有接触史或／及旅游史,呈家庭聚集及单位群发的特点。严格实行消毒隔离措施,并坚持服用病毒唑等抗病毒药物可有效防止SARS在医院内的传播。     

经皮穿针治疗儿童肱骨近端骨折

自1997年2月～2001年4月,作者采用手法整复、经皮穿针治疗儿童不稳定型肱骨近端骨折38例,效果良好,现总结报告如下.     

37例口颊癌术后腮腺瘘的放疗效果评估

目的 评估放射治疗应用于口颊癌术后腮腺瘘的疗效以及不良反应.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月-2020年1月湖南省肿瘤医院头颈外科收治的因口颊癌术后出现腮腺瘘且接受放射治疗的患者37例,所有患者均采用6-MeV电子线照射,每次2 Gy,每天1次,每周5次,照射总剂量为8～18 Gy(平均剂量9.7 Gy),照射野包括整个...     

Clinical analysis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head induced by steroids

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) induced by steroids. Methods: From January 2000 to October 2009, 497 hips in 270 cases of ONFH induced by steroids were studied. A questionnaire was administered when the patients were admitted; the questions concerned the underlying disease, duration of steroid usage, total dosage of steroid, incubation period (time interval between commencement of steroid therapy and onset of pain), severity of pain, location of initial complaint, primary diagnosis, time lag from onset of pain to final diagnosis and physical signs when admitted. The correlations between pain and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage, bone marrow edema (BME) and lesion size were analyzed. Results: The median of time between commencing steroid medication and developing ONFH for the 269 cases was 18 months (range, 2–384 months). 78.82% cases presented with pain within three years of steroid initiation, only 10.41% patients first complained of pain six or more years after commencing steroid therapy. Fifty‐six cases (20.82%) were misdiagnosed, lumbar disorders being the most frequent misdiagnoses. 79.29% of symptomatic hips presented with abnormal physical tests. Of 420 symptomatic hips, 166 hips were type C1, 223 hips type C2; 299 hips had collapsed; and there was BME in 209 hips. Conclusion: Most patients with ONFH induced by steroids complained of pain within 3 years of commencing steroid therapy. Pain was associated with lesion size, collapse and BME. Atypical location of pain, failure to perform a physical examination and MRI findings were the main causes of misdiagnoses.     

声脉冲辐射力弹性成像与生化S指数评定兔肝纤维化的实验研究

目的探讨声脉冲辐射力弹性成像(ARFI)技术与血清生化指标S指数在兔肝纤维化分期中的诊断价值。方法 32只家兔皮下注射5%硫代乙酰胺制备肝纤维化模型(实验组),8只家兔于颈背部皮下注射生理盐水(对照组)。于造模第4、8、12周末行ARFI和血清实验室检查,获取肝脏剪切波速度(SWV),计算S指数,取肝脏制作标本行病理肝纤维化分期,比较SWV与S指数在兔肝纤维化分期中的诊断价值。结果实验组中29只家兔造模成功,肝纤维化分期S1、S2、S3、S4期分别为10只、8只、7只、4只;另3只家兔肝脏严重炎症坏死而无纤维化。SWV与S指数均随着纤维化程度的加重而增大,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);SWV较S指数与肝纤维化病理分期具有更显著的相关性(r=0.724、0.472,P﹤0.05);应用SWV和S指数诊断肝纤维化程度≥S1、≥S2、≥S3、S4对应的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.92、0.87、0.82、0.89和0.76、0.75、0.71、0.74。结论 ARFI较生化S指数能更准确地诊断兔肝纤维化程度。     

呼吸道标本分离的假丝酵母菌分布及耐药性

目的调查近年住院患者呼吸道标本分离的假丝酵母菌属菌种分布及耐药性变化趋势,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提供依据。方法对青岛中心医疗集团所属各医院2007-2011年38 326例住院患者送检的呼吸道标本,采用沙保罗培养法培养;VITEX32全自动细菌培养系统YBC鉴定卡或FUNGS CA20进行酵母菌鉴定;ATB FUNGUS 3真菌药敏试验板进行药敏试验。应用WHONET5.4软件对药敏结果进行分析。结果38 326份送检标本共分离假丝酵母菌属2 745株（7.16%）,其中白假丝酵母菌2 036株(74.17%),热带假丝酵母菌348株(12.68%),光滑球拟酵母菌118株(4.30%),副秃发酵母菌57株（2.08%),克柔假丝酵母菌57株（2.08%),其他假丝酵母菌129株（4.70%）。假丝酵母菌属对常用抗真菌药物的耐药率从高至低依次为伊曲康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑、氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B。经χ2检验,所有假丝酵母菌对氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、氟康唑的耐药率,2007-2011年无变化（两两比较,P＞0.05）;对伊曲康唑、伏立康唑的耐药率,2007-2011年有所上升（两两比较,P＜0.05）。结论呼吸道感染的假丝酵母菌属以白假丝酵母菌为主;对抗真菌药物已出现不同程度的耐药,并呈增加趋势。     

光子辐射场配置电磁场研究磁共振引导放疗(MRIgRT)参考剂量磁场因子的可行性

目的针对磁共振引导放疗(MRIgRT)射束参考剂量准确测量的需求, 研究强磁场对辐射剂量测量的影响, 验证医用加速器配置可变磁场测量磁场因子的可行性。方法利用常规医用电子直线加速器配置一对磁场强度高达1.5 T电磁铁所产生标称高压6 MV光子辐射场和可变磁场, 使用PTW30013和PTW31010电离室, 分别测试电离室轴与磁场方向夹角为0°、180°、90°和270°时0～1.5 T磁场强度范围内的电离室响应, 对测量结果进行分析, 计算磁场因子kB, M。结果电离室响应读数随磁场强度增加而增加, 并在1 T时达到峰值, 当磁场强度继续增加, 电离室读数随之降低。0.35 T磁场时, PTW31010电离室轴向与磁场方向垂直90°和平行0°下的电离室响应磁场因子kB, M分别为0.988 2±0.000 3和0.997 4±0.000 4, 后者与文献报道结果间差异为0.05%±0.04%。1.5 T磁场时, PTW30013电离室轴向与磁场垂直90°下kB, M为0.958 9±0.000 5,与文献值相差0.60%±0.05%。结论在6 MV医用加速器配置电磁铁所测量的电离室响...     

Baicalein, a component of Scutellaria radix from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), leads to suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloma cells

In the search for a more effective adjuvant therapy to treat multiple myeloma (MM), we investigated the effects of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan (GZFLW), and Huang-Lian-Tang (HLT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma cells. HLJDT inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cell lines and the survival of primary myeloma cells, especially MPC-1- immature myeloma cells, and induced apoptosis in myeloma cell lines via a mitochondria-mediated pathway by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Further experiments confirmed that Scutellaria radix was responsible for the suppressive effect of HLJDT on myeloma cell proliferation, and the baicalein in Scutellaria radix showed strong growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in comparison with baicalin or wogonin. Baicalein as well as baicalin suppressed the survival in vitro of MPC-1- immature myeloma cells rather than MPC-1+ myeloma cells from myeloma patients. Baicalein inhibited the phosphorylation of IkB-alpha, which was followed by decreased expression of the IL-6 and XIAP genes and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Therefore, HLJDT and Scutellaria radix have an antiproliferative effect on myeloma cells, especially MPC-1- immature myeloma cells, and baicalein may be responsible for the suppressive effect of Scutellaria radix by blocking IkB-alpha degradation.     

Hepatocyte steatosis in HCV patients promotes fibrosis by enhancing TGF-beta liver expression.

Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between TGF-beta expression in steatotic liver and the stage and yearly progression rate of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Methods: We examined 44 CHC fatty liver patients, using 76 non-steatotic CHC patients as controls. The stage of hepatic fibrosis was assessed on a score scale. TGF-beta expression was determined with the use of monoclonal serum and the ABC three-step method. Results: We demonstrated a positive correlation of steatosis with the stage of fibrosis (P < 0.05). No relationship of thiskind was found with the yearly progression rate of fibrosis (P > 0.09). In steatotic biopsies, TGF-beta expression index in portal spaces and lobules was found to be higher as compared to TGF-beta expression in biopsies without steatosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In CHC patients steatosis induces the development of fibrosis by elevating the hepatic expression of TGF-beta.