缺血预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨缺血预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法在大鼠肝脏持续６０ｍｉｎ缺血及３０ｍｉｎ再灌注之前,先进行５,１０,１５ｍｉｎ的缺血及等长时间的再灌注。于再灌注３０ｍｉｎ完成时取标本测定肝功能、抗氧化酶、脂质过氧化物及形态学研究。结果持续６０ｍｉｎ缺血及３０ｍｉｎ再灌注后,肝功能明显受损,抗氧化酶活力显著下降,肝组织大片坏死;５ｍｉｎ的缺血预处理能明显改善肝功能、提高抗氧化酶活力,减少肝细胞坏死;１０ｍｉｎ效果次之;１５ｍｉｎ反而加重肝脏损害。结论５ｍｉｎ的缺血预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,它可能为肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的防治提供一种简单有效的新方法     

麻黄素并吗啡硬膜外注射的术后镇痛效果

①目的　探讨麻黄素并吗啡硬膜外注射的术后镇痛效果。②方法　对１２６ 例泌尿外科开放手术后的病人进行间断硬膜外腔注射吗啡（２ｍ ｇ）、麻黄素（２０ｍ ｇ）,观察其镇痛效果,并与４０ 例单用吗啡（ ２ｍ ｇ）者进行对照。③结果　吗啡、麻黄素的镇痛作用强而持久,一次用药有效时间为（２８．４±３．５）ｈ,较对照组的（１８．１±２．６）ｈ 明显延长（ｔ＝ １７．１,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。未见出现血压波动者。④结论　吗啡加麻黄素硬膜外腔注射是安全、长效的术后镇痛方法,特别适用于术后留置导尿或尿流改道的泌尿外科开放手术。     

聚合酶链反应检测细菌16S rRNA基因

根据细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的高度保守性,设计合成所有细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性细菌的共同引物,采用聚合酶链反应检测已知细菌１３株,三对引物分别扩增的阳性率为１００％,倍比稀释法能检出细菌的最低浓度为４ＣＦＵ·ｍｌ－１,同时检测临床样本４０份,阳性率为６７５％（２７／４０）,同期细菌培养阳性率为４５％（１８／４０）,二者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示聚合酶链反应检测细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因具有高度的特异性和敏感性。     

抗心磷脂抗体与原因不明胎儿宫内生长迟缓的关系

用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）孕妇血清抗心磷脂抗体（ＡＣＡ）,探讨ＩＵＧＲ与ＡＣＡ的相关性。结果显示：①ＩＵＧＲ组与正常妊娠组比较,ＡＣＡＩｇＭ和ＡＣＡＩｇＡ结合指数显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②ＩＵＧＲ组ＡＣＡＩｇＭ增高与其Ｃ３及Ｃ４下降呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１０８,－０．４０９２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＡＣＡ的产生参与了ＩＵＧＲ的发病过程,其检测有助于ＩＵＧＲ的早期诊治     

缺血预处理减轻在体肺缺血再灌注损伤

３０ 只日本雄性大耳兔,随机等分为２ 组。缺血预处理组先采用左肺门阻断１０ ｍｉｎ ,开放再灌注１５ ｍｉｎ 的肺缺血预处理,然后阻断左肺门６０ ｍｉｎ ,开放再灌注６０ ｍｉｎ ,对照组未采用预处理。结果示在再灌注后６０ ｍｉｎ ,预处理组血中血管紧张素Ⅱ含量、动脉氧分压及肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶含量较对照组明显增加,而平均肺动脉压和肺组织的丙二醛含量及肺泡损伤较对照组明显减低。提示缺血预处理能减轻在体兔肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

丹参对耳蜗辐射防护作用的实验研究

为探讨内耳辐射损伤的防治,采用丹参作为保护药物,用相同剂量的６０Ｃｏ γ射线照射丹参防护组和单纯放射组豚鼠耳颞部,２ 周后作形态与机能检查。结果发现：丹参防护组耳蜗机能与结构损害较轻,而单纯放射组耳蜗机能明显受损,血管纹和柯替氏器病变严重;复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ） 反应阈和毛细胞损伤率两组比较差异有显著性（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） 。表明丹参对内耳辐射损伤有保护作用。     

射频热疗联合α-受体阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症的前瞻性研究

探讨体外射频热疗联合α受体阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的安全性及近、远期疗效。方法采用随机对照方法。将９０例有症状的ＢＰＨ患者,随机分为３组,各３０例。分别接受热疗（Ⅰ组）、受体阻滞剂（Ⅱ组）和热疗联合受体阻滞剂（Ⅲ组）等治疗。在１８个月的随访期中,分期观察、比较各组的主、客观疗效。结果Ⅲ组近期（６个月以内）的主、客观疗效显著优与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,远期疗效（６个月以上）优与Ⅰ组,但与Ⅱ组相当。结论体外射频热疗联合α受体阻滞剂是一种安全、简单和完全非侵入性的方法,对症状严重而无法手术的ＢＰＨ患者,尤其适用。     

经输血传播病毒的前瞻性调查

目的了解我国供血员、受血者中经输血传播病毒（ＴＴＶ）感染率,及经输血传播ＴＴＶ的发生率。方法对１３０例输血者进行ＴＴＶ以及ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ血清标志物检测,其相应的供血者也检查ＴＴＶ。结果３４０例供血员中有３６例（１０．６％）可检测到ＴＴＶ－ＤＮＡ。１３０例受血者输血前有１１例（８．５％）ＴＴＶ阳性,其余１１９例输血后有１８例ＴＴＶ转为阳性,在他们的供血中至少可查到一份ＴＴＶ阳性。４６例输血后肝炎病毒感染者中,其中有４５例为ＨＣＶ感染（包括７例与ＴＴＶ混合感染）,２例为ＨＢＶ感染（包括与ＨＣＶ、ＴＴＶ混合感染各１例）。ＴＴＶ与ＨＢＶ混合感染以及７例ＴＴＶ与ＨＣＶ混合感染中有３例的受血者ＡＬＴ＞９０Ｕ／Ｌ,但是１０例单纯ＴＴＶ感染者,仅有２例伴有轻微的ＡＬＴ增高。结论供血员及住院病人中有较高的ＴＴＶ感染率,单纯ＴＴＶ感染与ＡＬＴ显著升高似乎并无关联。     

CT colonography: value of scanning in both the supine and prone positions

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CT colonography when patients were imaged in both the supine and prone positions. We evaluated whether imaging in two positions decreased the number of collapsed colonic segments and increased sensitivity for polyp detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients underwent CT colonography in both the supine and prone positions. Colonic distention for each of the 46 scans was graded. Adequacy of distention for either position alone was compared with that of the combination of the two positions. Polyp data revealed by colonoscopy were reviewed, and the CT data were then retrospectively reviewed for polyp detection. RESULTS: When each scan was considered alone without benefit of the scan obtained in the opposite position, 27 (58.7%) of 46 scans showed inadequate distention. When scans obtained in both positions were considered together, 20 (87.0%) of 23 patients had adequate distention with the grading system used. However, this value increased to 23 (100%) of 23 patients when the reasons for inadequate distention in the three patients were considered. Of the 27 polyps detected with colonoscopy, 21 (77.8%) were also detected retrospectively with CT colonography. Colonoscopy showed 20 polyps that were 5 mm or larger; nineteen (95.0%) of these 20 polyps were also detected retrospectively with CT colonography, nine (47.4%) of which were seen in only one position. CONCLUSION: Use of both the supine and prone positions for patients undergoing CT colonography improves evaluation of the colon and increases sensitivity for polyp detection.     

The incidence of T2-weighted MR imaging signal abnormalities in the brain of cocaine-dependent patients is age-related and region-specific.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cocaine and its metabolites can produce vasospasm, and cocaine-dependent patients are at increased risk for stroke. Based on previous case reports, we hypothesized that the incidence of hyperintense brain lesions observed on T2-weighted MR images would also be increased in asymptomatic cocaine-dependent individuals. METHODS: Sixty-two male "crack" (smoked) cocaine-dependent participants ranging in age from 25 to 66 years were compared with 116 normal male control participants ranging in age from 25 to 80 years. Those with histories of neurologic symptoms or illnesses were excluded. The severity of hyperintense lesions was rated on a 0- to 3-point scale, and ratings of 3 were used in the data analysis as an indicator of a probable pathologic process. Three regions were separately rated: the cerebral white matter, insular subcortex white matter, and subcortical gray matter (basal ganglia and thalamus region). RESULTS: Significantly increased risk of severe lesions was observed in the two white matter regions of the cocaine-dependent group (odds ratio of 16.7 and 20.3) but not in the subcortial gray matter region (odds ratio of 1.4). In the insula subcortex white matter, the risk of lesions increased with age in the cocaine-dependant sample, but remained essentially absent among normal controls through the age of 80 years. In the cerebral white matter, the relationship of age and risk of lesion among normal participants was similar in shape to that in cocaine-dependent participants, but equivalent risk was seen 20 years earlier among cocaine-dependent participants. CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine-dependent participants had a significantly increased age-related risk of white matter damage. The possible clinical implications of this damage are discussed.