汽车排气对交通警及隧道工健康的影响

以上海市四个区的交通警184人,打浦路隧道工58人为接触组,植物园工人106人为对照组,研究了汽车排气对其健康的影响。发现隧道工、交通警的主诉症状、客观体征和铅接触的生化指标方面与对照组比较,有显著差别(P<0.05及0.01)。不论吸烟与否,隧道工血中HbCO含量的最高值都是在值勤后,系因值勤时吸入过量的CO所致。说明汽车排气对交通警及隧道工人的健康已产生一定的影响。     

甲基强的松龙对低温保存大鼠肝脏的保护作用

应用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肝脏离体灌流模型，用ＣＭＵ—１号液，含有甲基强的松龙的ＣＭＵ—１号液，以及缺血前预用甲基强的松龙后再用ＣＭＵ—１号液分别对肝脏进行灌洗保存。检测ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ、肝组织匀浆ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量，并观察肝组织结构。结果表明：甲基强的松龙对低温保存的离体大鼠肝脏具有保护作用     

Ultrastructure changes associated with brain death in the human donor heart

Abstract Electromicroscopic examinations were carried out on 30 myocardial biopsies taken from 22 human donor hearts immediately after excision (prestorage) or immediately before transplantation (post-storage). All electron micrographs were independently examined by two morphologists. Eleven structures were examined in each micrograph, and each structure was scored according to the degree of injury. A good interobserver correlation was obtained in 84 % of the structures scored. In the prestorage left ventricular biopsies ( n = 11), approximately 20 %-25 % showed moderate to severe ultrastructural injury. The ultrastructural injury observed in the poststorage left ventricular biopsies ( n = 15) was no different from that in the prestorage group, particularly injury to the sarcomere and mitochondria. A similar degree and pattern of injury was seen in the right ventricle ( n = 4). There was no evidence that an ischemic storage period of less than 6 h increased the degree of injury seen. However, there was a higher incidence of moderate to severe injury in those hearts excised from donors initially dependent on high inotropic support.     

高龄初产妊高征孕妇过氧化反应的研究

目的：探讨高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化反应。方法：测定正常初产妇、妊高征孕妇妊娠晚期母血过氧化脂质（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（DOD）的含量。结果：1．高龄初产妇母血LPO较非高龄初产妇明显升高，SOD明显下降，P＜0．05。孕妇年龄与母血LPO呈明显正相关，与SOD呈明显负相关，P均＜0．05。2．妊高征孕妇LPO较正常孕妇显著增高，SOD显著下降，P＜0．05，并随病情加重LPO水平升高、SOD水平下降更为显著，P＜0．05。3．高龄初产妊高征孕妇母血LPO含量较非高龄初产妊高征孕妇明显增高，P＜0．05，而SOD则无显著变化，P＞0．05。4.妊高征孕妇胎儿宫内生长发育迟缓（IUGR）发生率较正常孕妇显著升高，P＜0．025，各组脐血清LPO、SOD含量无显著差异，P＜0．05。结论：高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化作用明显增强，LPO水平的升高可能为高龄初产妇妊高征发生率及IUGR发生率增加的原因之一。     

Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats

The effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an aglycon of glycyrrhizin extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhizae radix, on puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis were studied in rats. Urine protein excretion in female rats (130g–150g) receiving PA (50 mg/kg) alone was significantly elevated on the 2nd day after injection of PA and reached a peak on the 14th day. Urinary protein on the 14th day was reduced to 74% in animals treated with GA (20 mg/kg) starting on the 2nd day after injection of PA. The increase in serum cholesterol and the decrease in serum protein were also suppressed by GA. Observation by electron microscopy revealed that the degree of abnormality in glomerular epithelial cells, i.e. loss or fusion of foot processes, was lower in the rats treated with GA after PA injection than in the rat treated with PA alone. Moreover, pretreatment with GA did not suppress urinary protein excretion but when it was given at the same time as PA and after PA a significant decrease in urinary protein excretion was observed. Correspondence to: H. Abe at the above address     

内皮素鞘内注射后的脊髓形态学观察

对18只大鼠进行内皮素脊髓鞘内注射,观察及记录大鼠后肢功能状态,并将18只大鼠分为3个不同的时间处死,进行病理形态学观察。结果表明:3组均表现缺血缺氧病理改变。2及4h实验组病变重于30min实验组。脊髓下胸段、腰段病变重于颈段及骶尾段。同时发现,大鼠后肢的功能状态与其脊髓相应的病理形态学变化不呈正比。     

补肾聪耳片对卡那霉素致聋豚鼠听毛细胞修复研究

目的 :探讨补肾聪耳片对卡那霉素致豚鼠感音性神经性耳聋的修复和保护作用。方法 :卡那霉素致聋制作动物实验模型 ,用中药制剂补肾聪耳片进行干预 ,通过听力和耳蜗病理实验观察其改善听力和对耳蜗毛细胞的修复作用。结果 :正常对照组和实验组相比各项观察指标 (耳廓听域反射、听性脑干诱发电位、外毛细胞听毛缺失率差别均有统计学意义 (P<0 01) ,超微结构检查发现中药制剂对耳蜗结构有明显的改善。结论 :补肾聪耳片能恢复神经反射的功能 ,改善耳听力 ,促进毛细胞修复。     

胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成16例临床分析

目的　分析急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成 (ASMVT)的临床特征和诊断方法。方法　对北京友谊医院 1985年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 10月确诊的 16例ASMVT的临床资料进行分析 ,并结合文献 ,总结ASMVT的临床特征和诊断方法。结果 16例ASMVT患者 ,年龄 19～ 6 4岁 (平均 4 5 9岁 )。主要症状有腹痛 ( 16 / 16 )、腹胀 ( 16 / 16 )、呕吐 ( 10 / 16 )、发热 ( 8/ 16 ) ,主要体征有腹部膨隆 ( 16 / 16 )、腹膜刺激征( 16 / 16 )。误诊率 75 % ( 12 / 16 ) ,死亡率 4 4 % ( 7/ 16 )。结论　ASMVT的临床表现有一定的特征 ,早期彩色超声检查、诊断性腹腔穿刺、结合CT或肠系膜上动脉造影异常发现可对ASMVT做出正确的诊断 ,早期手术可以降低死亡率     

地塞米松在大鼠缺血随意皮瓣中的作用

目的：研究局部使用地塞米松对大鼠缺血随意皮瓣的作用。方法：建立大鼠背部缺血随意皮瓣的动物模型，随机分为2组，实验组术后皮瓣下一次给予地塞米松5mg(用生理盐水稀释至3ml)，对照组术后皮瓣下一次给予0．9％生理盐水3ml。均于术后7d取材，测定皮瓣坏死率和组织中丙二醛含量，观察大体及病理切片。结果：实验组皮瓣坏死率和丙二醛含量较对照组显著降低(P＜0．01)。光镜下，实验组的炎性反应较对照组明显减轻。结论：地塞米松能提高缺血随意皮瓣的成活率，大剂量一次性给药的方法是可行的。