The clinical relevance of ultra-widefield angiography findings in patients with central retinal vein occlusion and macular oedema receiving anti-VEGF therapy

AimsTo report, using ultra-widefield angiography (UWFA) the area, distribution, and change in retinal capillary nonperfusion (RCNP) at baseline and 100 weeks in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) receiving anti-VEGF for macula oedema.MethodsProspective longitudinal multi-centre cohort study. Adults with CRVO treated with anti-VEGF therapy for macular oedema underwent UWFA at baseline and week-100. The area, distribution, and change in total, peripheral and posterior pole RCNP were determined.ResultsOf 153 eyes at baseline, mean area of RCNP was 34.3DA and 12 (7.8%) had ≥75DA RCNP. More than 10DA RCNP was present in the temporal periphery in 75.8% of eyes vs. 10.5% in the nasal periphery. At week-100, mean RCNP was 42.1DA with a median change from baseline of 3.3DA 95% CI [0.4, 7.3]; p < 0.01. Of 146 eyes with ≤10DA of posterior pole RCNP at baseline, 16/146 (11.0%) progressed to >10DA at week-100. These eyes had a median increase in total RCNP of 69.7DA [95% CI 27.2–85.4] vs 0DA [0.0–1.4]; p < 0.001 for those who did not, and two developed neovascular glaucoma. Larger baseline area of RCNP and history of glaucoma were risk factors for posterior pole RCNP developing.ConclusionsWith UWFA, significant baseline RCNP was identified in the majority of CRVO patients, notably in the temporal periphery, but large increases over 100 weeks were uncommon. Development of >10DA posterior pole RCNP is a marker for widespread RCNP and in such cases the risk of anterior segment neovascularisation is not abolished by concomitant anti-VEGF therapy.Subject terms: Retinal diseases, Vision disorders     

人参皂甙Rh-2对细胞间连接黏附分子在小鼠移植瘤淋巴管表达的影响

目的观察细胞间黏附分子(JAM)在小鼠移植瘤淋巴管内皮细胞的表达及人参皂甙Rh-2的影响,探讨JAM在癌淋巴管转移中的意义。方法于小鼠前肢皮下接种S180小鼠癌性腹水,成瘤后给予人参皂甙Rh-2灌服,6周后取材。用免疫组化法观察LYVE-1、JAM-1、JAM-2在淋巴管内皮细胞的表达。结果在对照组肿块的周边部可见LYVE-1阳性表达的淋巴管,JAM-1、JAM-2在淋巴管有阳性表达,用药组表达减少。结论JAM-1、JAM-2在淋巴管内皮细胞的表达可能与癌淋巴管转移有关。     

Optimization of photo-biomodulation therapy for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers in vitro and in vivo

Unclear optical parameters make photo-biomodulation (PBM) difficult to implement in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) clinically. Here, 12 wavelengths (400–900 nm) were used to conduct PBM to heal DFU wounds in vitro and in vivo. PBM at 10 mW/cm² and 0.5–4 J/cm² with all 12 wavelengths promoted proliferation of diabetic wound cells. In a mimic DFU (mDFU) rat model, PBM (425, 630, 730, and 850 nm, and a combination light strategy) promoted mDFU healing. The positive cell proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and inflammation were possible mechanisms. The combination strategy had the best effect, which can be applied clinically.     

住院医师规范化培训之“333”制管理模式运行与思考

调查本院103名“333”制人员,主要是临床类研究生和住院医师的“333”制活动出勤情况,结合我院以往住院医师规范化培训的相关情况,对取得的经验进行总结,探讨规范化管理“333”制人员的方法和最佳运行机制。     

10例原发性气管肿瘤的外科诊断及手术治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗原发性气管肿瘤的临床经验。方法回顾分析本院1993年10月～2010年1月收治的10例气管肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验。结果本组鳞癌3例,腺癌3例,腺鳞癌1例,良性肿瘤3例;临床治愈9例,术后3d死亡1例。本组3例鳞癌患者分别于手术后3年和8个月复发死亡;3例腺癌,1例术后1年出现肺转移,另2例存活10个月。结论手术切除是治疗气管肿瘤最有效的方法：（1）纤维支气管镜检查与多排CT增强三维成像对确定气管肿瘤范围有互补作用;（2）充分的术前呼吸道准备,是术中安全、术后顺利康复的保障;（3）手术者和麻醉医师密切配合,选择视野较宽的纤维支气管镜引导气管插管是麻醉安全的重要保障。     

运动训练中服用“高效强力饮”对心血管功能的效应

本文研究了一种中药水剂——高效强力饮对44名中长跑和游泳运动员运动能力的影响。测试结果表明:服药组与对照组相比,心搏量、射血分数和△D%均有明显增高;而运动后血乳酸水平,平均动脉压和总外周阻力均明显下降。这些都表明服药组有氧代谢能力方面有改善。     

子宫内膜癌磁共振成像诊断和分期

回顾性分析子宫内膜癌的磁共振（MRI）表现和手术病理结果，探讨MRI诊断和分期的价值。材料和方法：18例子宫内膜癌诊断和分期均经手术和病理检查。术前MRI检查采取冠状面和矢状面的T1WI和T2WI成像，双盲法MRI阅片，子宫内膜癌MRI分期基本按FIGO分期原则。结果：病灶区在T1WI像上为等信号（不伴出血），T2WI呈现5种表现。MRI分期准确率达83．8％，分辨工期的准确率达90．9％。结论：子宫内膜癌MRI表现多样化，有44．4％病例表现不典型。MRI对子宫内膜癌（尤其对占多数的Ⅰ期病例）的分期具有很高的价值。     

Clinical usefulness of breast-specific gamma imaging as an adjunct modality to mammography for diagnosis of breast cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) as an adjunct modality to mammography for detecting breast cancer.

Methods

Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE (1984 to August 2012) and EMBASE (1994 to August 2012) were performed. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was constructed to summarize the overall test performance of BSGI. The sensitivities for detecting subcentimetre cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were pooled. The potential of BSGI to complement mammography was also evaluated by identifying mammography-occult breast cancer.

Results

Analysis of the studies revealed that the overall validity estimates of BSGI in detecting breast cancer were as follows: sensitivity 95 % (95 % CI 93–96 %), specificity 80 % (95 % CI 78–82 %), positive likelihood ratio 4.63 (95 % CI 3.13–6.85), negative likelihood ratio 0.08 (95 % CI 0.05–0.14), and diagnostic odds ratio 56.67 (95 % CI 26.68–120.34). The area under the SROC was 0.9552 and the Q* point was 0.8977. The pooled sensitivities for detecting subcentimetre cancer and DCIS were 84 % (95 % CI 80–88 %) and 88 % (95 % CI 81–92 %), respectively. Among patients with normal mammography, 4 % were diagnosed with breast cancer by BSGI, and among those with mammography suggestive of malignancy or new biopsy-proven breast cancer, 6 % were diagnosed with additional cancers in the breast by BSGI.

Conclusion

BSGI had a high diagnostic performance as an excellent adjunct modality to mammography for detecting breast cancer. The ability to identify subcentimetre cancer and DCIS was also high.     

The FAPα-activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway

Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with highly proliferative and invasive properties, a high incidence of pulmonary metastasis and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for osteosarcoma. Currently, there are no molecular targeted drugs approved for osteosarcoma treatment, particularly effective drugs for osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases. It has been reported that fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) is upregulated in osteosarcoma and critically associated with osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, demonstrating that FAPα-targeted agents might be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In the present study, we reported that the FAPα-activated vinblastine prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH exhibited potent antitumor activities against FAPα-positive osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, it also decreased the migration and invasion capacities and reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, Z-GP-DAVLBH suppressed the AXL/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, leading to inhibition of the growth and metastatic spread of osteosarcoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Z-GP-DAVLBH is a promising agent for the treatment of FAPα-positive osteosarcoma, particularly osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.KEY WORDS: Osteosarcoma, Fibroblast activation protein alpha, Growth, Pulmonary metastasis, Vinblastine prodrug, AXL, β-Catenin