保留支架的鼻中隔成形术

目的：探讨鼻中隔手术中鼻中隔支架保留的方法。方法：根据鼻中隔偏曲的不同类型,设计A、B、C三种术式在显微镜下对不同的患者行保留鼻中隔支架的鼻中隔成形术。结果：手术时间缩短,术中出血减少,鼻中隔成形术后随访1～6个月,全部患者疗效满意且无并发症发生。结论：鼻中隔成形术可保留较完整的鼻中隔支架,具有创伤小、出血少及术时短的优点,是一种微创手术的新方法。     

维拉帕米干预血管钙化作用的研究

目的观察维拉帕米在血管钙化时的作用及机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为钙化组、维拉帕米组和对照组。5周后测定主动脉ALP、OC、ET水平及钙含量,Von Kossa染色行组织学观察。结果钙化组主动脉ALP、OC、ET水平及钙含量明显增高(P<0.01),主动脉组织中膜弹力纤维间可见大量钙沉积;经维拉帕米治疗后上述指标显著降低(P<0.05),钙沉积减少。结论维拉帕米可能通过抑制内皮素的生成减轻血管钙化的程度。     

The Role of Fecal Microbiota in Liver Toxicity Induced by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Male and Female Mice

Background: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that can cause hepatotoxicity. The underlying toxicological mechanism remains to be investigated. Given the critical role of fecal microbiota in liver function, it is possible that fecal microbiota may contribute to the liver toxicity induced by PFOS.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of liver-fecal microbiota axis in modulating PFOS-induced liver injury in mice.Methods: Male and female mice were exposed to PFOS or vehicle for 14 d. In this investigation, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic profiling were performed to identify the perturbed fecal microbiota and altered metabolites with PFOS exposure. In addition, antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation, and bacterial administration were conducted to validate the causal role of fecal microbiota in mediating PFOS-induced liver injury and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.Results: Both male and female mice exposed to PFOS exhibited liver inflammation and steatosis, which were accompanied by fecal microbiota dysbiosis and the disturbance of amino acid metabolism in comparison with control groups. The hepatic lesions were fecal microbiota-dependent, as supported by antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation. Mice with altered fecal microbiota in antibiotic treatment or fecal microbiota transplantation experiments exhibited altered arginine concentrations in the liver and feces. Notably, we observed sex-specific lower levels of key microbiota, including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Akkermansia. Mice treated with specific bacteria showed lower arginine levels and lower expression of the phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K, suggesting lower activity of the related pathway and mitigation of the pathological differences observed in PFOS-exposed mice.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the critical role of the fecal microbiota in PFOS-induced liver injury in mice. We also identified several critical bacteria that could protect against liver injury induced by PFOS in male and female mice. Our present research provided novel insights into the mechanism of PFOS-induced liver injury in mice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10281     

大鼠脊髓损伤后坐骨神经电生理学以及损伤脊髓GAP-43蛋白表达的变化

目的：研究大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时间点坐骨神经兴奋阈值、动作电位（AP）幅度和传导速度,以及损伤脊髓GAP-43蛋白表达的改变。方法：采用改良的Allen′s重物坠落致大鼠脊髓损伤实验模型、电生理学和免疫组织化学染色。结果：大鼠SCI后1、3、7d时,坐骨神经兴奋阈值升高,AP幅度和传导速度降低,呈时间依赖性改变;SCI后14d,AP产生阈值、幅度和传导速度较SCI第7d有所恢复。正常大鼠脊髓灰质神经元的胞浆和轴突中有少量GAP-43蛋白表达;SCI后第1、3、5、7d时损伤脊髓周围区灰质GAP-43蛋白表达逐渐增强;在SCI后第14d其阳性表达开始减弱。结论：大鼠SCI后能够导致坐骨神经电生理学兴奋性和传导性的降低,以及神经结构重构蛋白GAP-43表达增加。     

角膜移植免疫耐受的研究进展

排斥反应是角膜移植失败的主要原因.临床治疗中常用的非特异性免疫抑制剂,如糖皮质激素、环孢素A等,存在着许多全身副作用.因此诱导受体建立针对供体角膜的特异性免疫耐受是治疗排斥反应的理想方法.免疫耐受的机制主要包括T细胞克隆失活(anergy)、克隆清除(delete)、细胞因子介导的抑制及免疫平衡等.现就目前人工诱导免疫耐受的方法作一综述.     

角结膜恶性黑色素瘤1例

原发于角膜的恶性黑色素瘤罕见,我们报道1例.女性,39岁.因左眼发红,发现新生物5mo,于2006-03-28入住我院眼科.眼部检查:右眼视力0.9针孔1.0,左眼视力0.7针孔0.9,光定位和色觉检查正常.左眼颞侧球结膜充血( ),颞侧角膜新生物呈囊状,向角膜中央浸润,角膜上皮层大量色素沉着.初步诊断:左眼角镆新生物(性质待定).于2006-03-29在局麻下行左眼角膜新生物切除 全板层角膜移植术,术中切除病变组织送病理检查示:左眼角结膜恶性黑色素瘤,免疫组化:HHB45( ),PCK(-).最后诊断:左眼角结膜恶性黑色素瘤.     

基于《金匮要略》治未病理论探讨肝癌防治

肝癌的中医药防治体系在张仲景所著的《金匮要略》中已见雏形.张仲景"治未病"思想,分别为未病先防、既病防变和瘥后防复,与现代医学肝癌的三级预防有异曲同工之妙.肝癌未病先防即肝癌癌前病变阶段,防其癌变,以扶正补脾为重;既病防变即确诊肝癌阶段,尽早择方治疗,防其加重转移;瘥后防复即肝癌缓解阶段,补虚防其复发.深入研究《金匮要...     

右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换术患者血流动力学和脑氧代谢及认知功能的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定辅助全身麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换术患者血流动力学、脑氧代谢及认知功能的影响。方法 选取2018年3月至2019年5月于山东大学齐鲁医院拟行心脏瓣膜置换术的108例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组54例。对照组行常规全身麻醉,观察组在对照组基础上于麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定辅助麻醉。比较两组手术时间、麻醉时间、体外循环时间、血流动力学、血气和脑氧代谢指标及简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分。结果 两组手术时间、麻醉时间及体外循环时间比较差异无统计学意义。T₂、T₄时,观察组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)均低于对照组,且T3时,观察组SBP、DBP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。T₂、T₃、T₄时,观察组动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO₂)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后24、72 h,观察组简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分均高于对照组(P<0.05...     

糖尿病患者行白内障超声乳化术的临床观察

目的:观察表面麻醉下糖尿病患者行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入的临床效果。方法:临床确诊的糖尿病患者52例63眼,在表面麻醉下经透明角膜隧道切口,行白内障超声乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入手术。结果:所有患者均能耐受手术,未发生麻醉并发症。术后1wk矫正视力≥0.5者39眼,占62%。术后1mo矫正视力≥0.5者52眼,占82%。手术并发症主要有:角膜水肿、前房纤维素性渗出。结论:表面麻醉下糖尿病患者白内障的超声乳化手术具有并发症少,视力恢复快的特点。