尿流改道及膀胱重建术的现状与展望

膀胱全切术后尿液的贮存与排出一直是未能满意解决的问题。自从1852年Simon报道输尿管乙状结肠吻合以来，经过一个多世纪的不断改进与创新，特别是1982年Kock用去管重建法制作贮尿囊的可控膀胱以来，尿流改道与膀胱重建术有了跨时代的进步和发展，显地提高了患术后生活质量。     

Barium and strontium leaching from aged glass particle/resin matrix dental composites.

OBJECTIVES: This study characterizes the loss of Ba and Sr from glass particle/resin-matrix dental composites during simulated aging. METHODS: X-ray wavelength dispersive spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry were used to analyze the Ba and Sr content from the surfaces of three commercial dental composites after aging for 4 and 8 months in humid air, artificial saliva, water, and 50% ethanol. RESULTS: Aging in artificial saliva caused the greatest leaching of Ba or Sr for all the specimens, compared with either lesser or no leaching for aging in ethanol and water. Differences in leaching were observed between the different composites. Composites aged in artificial saliva also picked up elements in the saliva solution and displayed crystallite formation on the surface. Samples aged in ethanol displayed cracking which was not observed for water or artificial saliva. SIGNIFICANCE: Dental composites display ion leaching from their surfaces over periods of four to eight months. Three mechanisms are proposed to explain differences in leaching for the various composites and aging solutions. Surface mineralization is also proposed to occur as a self-repair mechanism in artificial saliva.     

FHL2在大肠癌组织中的表达及其作用

目的:探讨FHL2基因在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法:用免疫组织化学方法检测35例大肠癌组织、15例大肠息肉组织和15例正常结肠黏膜组织中FHL2蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与相关临床病理因素的关系.结果:FHL2蛋白表达阳性率在大肠癌组织中显著高于正常大肠黏膜组织和大肠息肉组织.结论:FHL2蛋白在大肠癌组织中高度表达,但表达程度与癌症病理分级无明显相关性.     

A cyclic peptide–polymer probe for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A

A Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) ELISA detection system was developed based upon an 11-mer cyclic peptide, termed C11-019, that was identified through peptide phage display technology. The assay employs a sandwich format using the C11-019 cyclic peptide attached to a PEMA (poly(ethylene maleic anhydride)) matrix as the capture phase and anti-BoNT/A polyclonal antibodies as the detection phase. Results reported demonstrate that the C11-019 peptide–polymer can specifically bind to BoNT/A with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes examined in assay buffers and a variety of body fluids and foodstuffs. When a highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate was engaged, the detection of 1 pg/mL could be readily achieved within 3 h with a linear range of 0.1–1 ng/mL. These results demonstrate that an inexpensive peptide–polymer-based capture ELISA system can be used for rapid, sensitive and highly specific BoNT detection.     

高频超声引导定位前臂浅静脉穿刺

目的探讨高频超声引导定位穿刺前臂浅静脉的应用价值。方法对40例常规浅静脉穿刺失败，采用高频探头在同一体表区域寻找并标记浅静脉走行及深度，确认进针方向后再次静脉穿刺，必要时采用实时引导。结果11例经高频超声标记、29例经高频超声实时引导静脉穿刺均一次成功。结论高频超声引导下静脉穿刺的成功率高，无并发症，是一种简便有效的方法，值得在临床推广应用。     

A comparative study of using comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in the detection of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage.

Comet assay is a useful technique in the detection of DNA damages, particularly DNA strand breaks; and it has been utilized to show that a potent carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), can induce such damages. Recently, gammaH2AX foci formation has been suggested as another sensitive way to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, there is no systematic comparison being conducted to evaluate the consistency of these two methods. Using MNNG as a model chemical, the sensitivity of neutral comet assay and gammaH2AX foci formation in detecting MNNG-induced damage was studied. It was found that at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microg/ml, both methods can detect MNNG-induced damage in human amnion FL cells. However, at 0.1 microg/ml, comet assay revealed more percentage of cells with DNA damage than gammaH2AX fluorescence revealed. On the other hand, while gammaH2AX foci were readily formed at very early times by 10 microg/ml MNNG treatment, neutral comet assay did not detect any significant DNA damage at the same time points. In addition, 10 microg/ml MNNG induced a distinct whole nuclei staining pattern of gammaH2AX, a type of DNA damage which was not detected by neutral comet assay but could be detected by alkaline comet assay. Therefore, gammaH2AX may be used as a sensitive indicator for DNA damage.     

肝移植术后胆道并发症的介入治疗

目的 探讨原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的介入治疗疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院2002年6月至2005年9月诊治的173例原位肝移植患者的临床资料。结果 术后出现胆道并发症14例（8．1％），其中胆管狭窄6例．胆管狭窄合并胆漏1例，胆泥淤积或结石3例，肝断面胆漏2例（劈离式肝移植患者），T管拔除后胆漏1例，Oddi括约肌功能失常1例。除1例胆道狭窄再次行肝移植，因发生严重感染导致肝功能衰竭死亡外．其余患者经介入治疗均获得满意的效果。结论 介入治疗是诊断和治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的首选方法。     

肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治

目的　探讨肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的防治。方法　回顾性分析我院 2 0 0 2年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月施行的 6 1例肝移植病例。结果　 6 1例肝移植术前肝功能ChildC级 35例 (5 7 4 % ) ,ChildB级 2 6例 (4 2 6 % ) ,ChildC组的患者术中凝血指标 (INR)的变化程度大于ChildB组 (P <0 0 5 )。与凝血有关的并发症中大出血 5例 (8 2 % ) ,肾衰 6例 (9 8% ) ,肝动脉血栓形成 5例 (8 2 % ) ,手术开展两阶段对比 ,第二阶段主要因限制了大量凝血药及血制品的使用 ,并发症明显减少。结论　掌握好不同时期、不同患者出血和血栓形成的平衡是防治肝移植围手术期出凝血功能障碍的关键     

Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: substitution by the colon and stomach]

Thirty-one cases with hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 4 cases with esophageal carcinoma in cervical segment were treated surgically from April 1984 to April 1989. In 6 cases, while preserving the larynx, the hypopharynx and the esophagus were resected and reestablished by the colon. In 29 cases, total laryngectomy was also performed and 4 had their hypopharynx and esophagus substituted by the colon and 25 by the stomach. According to UICC (1982), there were 11 cases in stage II, 15 in stage III and 9 in stage IV. The mean 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 62% and 32% respectively. In fatal cases, 4 cases had recurrences at the site of pharyngeal anastomoses and 11 had metastases in the neck.     

Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血的评价(附6例报告)

目的:评价直肠癌根治术中用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血(MPVP)的临床价值。方法:分析1995~2005年用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血6例的临床资料。结果:6例骶前大出血中全部用Foley尿管气囊压迫控制出血,术中出血量为800~1700mL,Foley尿管于术后4d拔除3例,5d1例,6d2例,均无再出血,会阴切口均一期愈合。结论:Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血是一种简单安全有效的治疗方法。