Efficacy of maximal androgen blockade versus castration alone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer： a retrospective clinical experience from a Chinese medical centre

In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy and toxicities of maximal androgen blockade （MAB） versus castration alone in Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. From 1996 to 2004, 608 patients with advanced prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens. Of the 608 patients, 300 patients were treated with MAB （castration plus nonsteroidal antiandrogens） and the remaining 308 were treated with castration alone. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients were 73.7% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, MAB was associated with not only the improvement of progression-free survival （PFS） （increased by 10 months） but also a 20.6% reduction in mortality risk compared with castration alone. In contrast, the efficacy of MAB was not superior to castration alone for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, among patients with MAB, those using bicalutamide had a longer PFS than those using flutamide; this was especially so in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Almost all of the toxicities due to the hormone therapy were mild to moderate and manageable. To conclude, in China, hormone therapies, including MAB and castration alone, have been standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, castration alone might be adequately practical and efficient. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, however, MAB has superior efficacy over castration alone. It is clear that MAB should be considered the first-line standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.     

两种椎间融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症的早期疗效分析

目的 探讨经椎间孔入路两种融合器腰椎体间融合术(TLIF)的适应证及疗效.方法 24例腰椎滑脱症患者,膨胀型融合器加钉棒内固定15例(A组),入路型融合器加钉棒内固定9例(B组),均行椎间植骨.比较二者的手术时间、失血量、并发症以及手术前后的JOA评分和融合率.结果 24例均获随访,时间4～30(16.6±3.2)个月,两组疗效、JOA评分及融合率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组手术时间、失血量及并发症明显多于B组(P<0.01),但椎间隙撑开效果好于B组.结论 两组方法均可达到理想的治疗效果,但应根据滑脱类型、程度及患者的临床表现选择适应证.     

拔河式大角度穿刺用于肿瘤患者静脉采血

目的探讨拔河式大角度穿刺静脉采血的临床应用效果。方法将686例肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各343例,观察组采用拔河式大角度穿刺法静脉采血,对照组采用常规方法。结果观察组采血组疼痛程度、穿刺点皮下淤血发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.01),一次采血成功率、患者满意度显著提高(均P0.01)。结论拔河式大角度穿刺法静脉采血可减轻肿瘤患者采血的疼痛程度,降低穿刺点皮下淤血发生率,提高一次采血成功率和患者满意度。     

模拟微格教学训练法在新护士教学技能培训中的应用

目的探讨模拟微格教学训练法在新护士教学技能培训中的应用效果,提高新护士的教学技能。方法将2007年7月入院的新护士85名为观察组,2006年7月入院的新护士83名为对照组。对照组采用传统的教学培训方法,观察组采用模拟微格教学训练法进行教学技能培训。结果观察组除演示和板书技能外,导入、教学语言、提问等8种教学技能评分及总分显著高于对照组(均P0.01)。结论模拟微格教学训练法可以有效提高新护士的教学技能,且对硬件设施要求不高。     

棉绳Y形胶布法固定普通型鼻肠管

目的探讨普通型鼻肠管的最佳固定方法。方法将82例胃癌手术患者按随机数字表法分成实验组(44例)和对照组(38例),对照组术后采用棉绳系线法固定普通型鼻肠管,观察组采用棉绳Y形胶布法固定,即鼻肠管用棉绳系线法固定后加用Y形胶布固定在鼻肠管上。观察两组鼻肠管脱出长度及无效固定率。结果观察组鼻肠管脱出长度(4.66±16.84)cm,无效固定率9.09%;对照组鼻肠管脱出长度(28.92±33.94)cm,无效固定率36.84%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论棉绳Y形胶布法固定普通型鼻肠管效果优于棉绳系线法。     

外侧眶隔脂肪在老年性上睑赘皮矫正术中的作用

目的：矫正亚洲人因老年性上睑赘皮造成的＂三角眼＂畸形。方法：通过彻底去除多余的上睑皮肤、肌肉,并特别强调去除外侧眶隔脂肪和缝合眶隔的方法,矫正老年性上睑赘皮。结果：应用该法治疗1032例老年性上睑赘皮患者取得满意效果。结论：该法简单易行、效果好,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折治疗进展

强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折致脊髓损伤的风险很高,治疗存在很大挑战。传统的保守治疗如颈围制动、颈椎牵引、头颈胸石膏背心、Halo-Vest架固定等因并发症发生率高,近年已较少应用。近年推出的胸骨-枕骨-下颌固定支具(SOMI)保守治疗效果良好,但仍需积累病例,以进一步证实。手术治疗是目前治疗的主要手段,近年在术前治疗、手术时机、麻醉、手术方式及术后并发症防治等方面取得了一些进展。该文就此作一综述。     

自体腓骨移植治疗股骨下1/3骨折伴大段缺损

<正>股骨下1/3骨折伴大段缺损常由高能量暴力所致,骨折较复杂,临床治疗难度较大。异体骨移植、人工替代物置换、骨延长转移术虽都已在临床上得以应用,但都存在各自的局限性[1-4]。我院自2003年7月至2007年4月,采用自体腓骨游     

The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells

The present study investigated the effects of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib on androgen-independent can- cer cells viability and intracellular signaling. Human androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells were treated with sorafenib. At concentration that suppresses extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, sorafenib treatment reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Sorafenib also down-modulated the levels of mye- loid cell leukemia 1, survivin and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. Sorafenib induced caspase-3 cleavage and the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. However, no nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor was detected after treatment and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK had an obvious protective effect against the drug. In conclusion, sorafenib induces apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism with down-regulated antiapoptotic proteins in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in vitro.     

肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建

目的探讨肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的重建方法及疗效。方法对22例肱骨近端恶性肿瘤实施关节内肿瘤切除与重建术：3例采用瘤段切除灭活再植术,6例采用瘤段切除同侧锁骨翻转移植术,8例行瘤段切除人工假体置换术,5例行瘤段切除同种异体骨关节移植。结果 3例失访,19例获得随访,时间9～96（50.0&#177;8.2）个月。局部复发4例,死亡8例。根据Enneking肢体功能评价标准：瘤段切除灭活再植患者得分为（22.8&#177;1.4）分,同侧锁骨翻转移植患者得分为（24.2&#177;1.6）分,异体骨关节移植患者得分为（23.9&#177;1.5）分,人工假体置换患者得分为（26.1&#177;1.8）分。结论肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除后重建,成年人可首选人工假体置换,儿童及青少年可选用同侧锁骨翻转移植重建。术中需注意肩袖和外展装置的修复,大多数保肢者能保存一定的肩关节功能。