神经内科卒中相关性肺炎的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:分析神经内科ICU脑卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)患者的病原菌分布情况及耐药特点,为临床合理应用抗感染药物提供参考依据.方法:选取收治的225例神经内科ICU脑卒中相关性肺炎患者的痰培养结果进行回顾性分析,分析其病原菌分布及耐药情况.结果:115例痰培养结果阳性,共分离出198株致病菌,其中革兰阴性菌137株,占69.2％,革兰阳性菌41株,占20.7％,真菌20株,占10.1％.革兰阴性菌对亚胺培兰、美罗培兰、阿米卡星耐药率最低,对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、庆大霉素等普遍耐药;革兰阳性菌对替加环素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药率最低,大部分100％敏感,对苯唑西林、青霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星耐药率最高,部分耐药率达100％,真菌对常用抗真菌药物普遍高度敏感.结论:神经内科ICU SAP患者以革兰阴性菌为主要致病菌,对常用抗生素耐药现象普遍,部分呈多重耐药,临床医师应尽早多次对患者的痰标本进行细菌培养及药敏试验,根据其病原菌的分布特点及耐药性合理选择抗菌药物进行治疗.     

建构主义理念下的《医古文》趣味互动教学设计

《医古文》课程的传统教学模式存在较大问题,难以达到良好的教学效果。为了改进教学方法,提升教学质量,现以建构主义和形成性教学评价为理论基础,举例采用两种趣味互动教学方式,培养学生对传统文化的兴趣,夯实学生的基础知识,提高学生的古文应用能力。证明趣味互动教学法符合当今学生的认知规律,具有独到的优势,并值得推广。     

130例胃痛患者中医证素辨证与红外热成像特征相关性的研究

目的:探讨胃痛患者中医证素辨证与红外热像图的相关性。方法:将符合纳入标准的胃痛患者130例,根据中医辨证分为寒邪客胃、肝气犯胃、痰饮停胃、湿热蕴胃、瘀血阻胃、胃阴亏虚、脾胃虚寒与饮食停胃8个不同的证型组。受试者经中医证素辨证诊断系统WF-Ⅲ中医(辅助)诊疗软件进行诊断,研究证素特征;并通过IR236M医用人体热像检测系统扫描,扫描范围为脘腹部、背部,记录脾俞、胃俞、肝俞、中脘、章门、期门、膻中的红外温度。结果:胃痛的病位证素以胃、脾、肝多见;病性证素出现频次为:阳虚气滞食积热阴虚寒湿瘀血痰饮,其中以阳虚、气滞、食积为主。红外热成像图研究结果显示,健康组左右两侧穴位温度差异无统计学意义(P0.05),胃痛受试组左右两侧穴位温度均出现不对称分布,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组间穴位相对温度比较,寒邪客胃组、脾胃虚寒组脾俞、胃俞、中脘穴位温度均比健康组低(P0.05),湿热蕴胃组、胃阴亏虚组脾俞、胃俞、中脘穴位温度均比健康组高(P0.05),其余证型组穴位温度与健康组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:寒证、热证胃痛患者的红外热成像表现与中医证素基本一致,红外热成像技术可作为中医辅助诊断手段之一运用于临床。     

下颌骨外形线的相关性研究

目的研究下颌骨外形线与颅颌面结构的关系,为下颌骨重建提供指导。方法对80例华东地区正常牙合汉族成年人头颅定位正、侧位X线片进行头影测量分析,数据以SAS6.12统计软件进行分析。结果下颌骨外形线变量(ArGo、GoPg、GoGo)与颅颌面结构间存在着显著的相关关系(P<0.01),且性别差异显著(P<0.01),但年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同时建立了华东地区正常牙合汉族成年人下颌骨外形线变量的回归方程(P<0.01)。结论下颌骨外形线与颅颌面三维结构间存在显著的定量相关关系。     

Using NHANES oral health examination protocols as part of an esophageal cancer screening study conducted in a high-risk region of China

Background

The oral health status of rural residents in the People's Republic of China has not been extensively studied and the relationship between poor oral health and esophageal cancer (EC) is unclear. We aim to report the oral health status of adults participating in an EC screening study conducted in a rural high-risk EC area of China and to explore the relationship between oral health and esophageal dysplasia.

Methods

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) oral health examination procedures and the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were used in a clinical study designed to examine risk factors for esophageal cancer and to test a new esophageal cytology sampling device. This study was conducted in three rural villages in China with high rates of EC in 2002 and was a collaborative effort involving investigators from the National Institutes of Health and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Results

Nearly 17% of the study participants aged 40–67 years old were edentulous. Overall, the mean number of adjusted missing teeth (including third molars and retained dental roots) was 13.8 and 35% had 7 contacts or less. Women were more likely to experience greater tooth loss than men. The average age at the time of first tooth loss for those with no posterior functional contacts was approximately 41 years for men and 36 years for women. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) score for the study population was 8.5. Older persons, females, and individuals having lower educational attainment had higher DMFT scores. The prevalence of periodontal disease (defined as at least one site with 3 mm of attachment loss and 4 mm of pocket depth) was 44.7%, and 36.7% of the study participants had at least one site with 6 mm or more of attachment loss. Results from a parsimonious multivariate model indicate that participants with poor oral health wemore likely to have esophageal dysplasia (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.06, 2.39).

Conclusion

This report describes the first use of NHANES oral health protocols employed in a clinical study conducted outside of the United States. The extent and severity of poor oral health in this Chinese study group may be an important health problem and contributing factor to the prevalence of EC.     

实时定量PCR检测氟对软骨细胞COLⅨA3基因表达的影响

目的:探讨氟对体外培养软骨细胞中COLⅨA3基因mRNA的表达影响。方法:采用SYBR GreenⅠ嵌合荧光法进行实时定量PCR的方法,检测不同剂量氟对体外培养软骨细胞中COLⅨA3基因mRNA的表达影响,染氟剂量分别为0、5、10、20、40mg/L,染氟10d。结果:实时定量PCR检测显示各组均可检测到COLⅨA3mRNA,相对定量比由对照组到高剂量组约为:100:134:200:104:129,染氟实验组中5mg/L、10mg/L组表达量高于对照组和40mg/L组,且以10mg/L组表达量最高,是对照组的2倍。随着染氟剂量增加,软骨细胞COLⅨA3基因mRNA表达量降低。结论:不同剂量氟对软骨细胞中COLⅨA3基因mRNA表达的影响不同,低剂量氟可以促进COLⅨA3基因mRNA的表达,随剂量增加氟的促进作用减弱。     

高龄老年患者全牙列固定义齿修复1例

患者,男性,97岁.2002年10月来就诊,因旧义齿咬合无力要求重新修复.此前曾镶过多副可摘义齿,但均效果不佳. 检查:全身健康状况良好,可与医生进行正常的语言交流.     

用新型组合式矫治装置早期矫治安氏Ⅱ~1错

目的:用新型组合式矫治装置治疗替牙期及恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ1错牙合。方法:采用由口外弓、下颌唇挡及上颌斜面导板组成的矫治装置,治疗替牙期及恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ1错牙合66例(男3 0例,女3 6例) ,治疗前后进行X线头影测量分析。结果:66例患者的覆牙合、覆盖及颌关系调整时间为3～13个月,平均7.6个月。治疗后覆牙合平均减小2 .5mm ,覆盖减小4.3mm ,SNB角增加1.8°,ANB角减小1.9°,U 1 NA角减小8.8°,L1 NB角增加6.4°,IMPA角增加5 .7°,Z角增加4.5°,Wits值减小1.6,ANS Me增加4.0mm。结论:该组合式矫治装置对替牙期及恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ1错牙合具有良好的矫治效果。     

左侧下颌骨髁突内陷性脱位1例

<正>1临床资料患者,女性,36岁,汉族。因"外伤致张闭口不能9 d"就诊。9 d前患者被石板砸倒后下颌着地致伤,伤后下颌不能活动,无法张闭口,影响进食。检查:左侧下颌面部皮肤可见一长约1 cm的     

p53基因抑制涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞端粒酶及增殖活性

目的研究外源性野生型p53基因对涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞的抑制作用。方法构建携带野生型p53基因的腺病毒表达载体，以脂质体法转染涎腺腺样囊性癌SACC-83细胞，RT-PCR检测p53基因表达；采用TRAP—PCR—ELISA法检测转染细胞端粒酶活性，荧光素酶分析法检测人端粒酶逆转录酶基因（hTERT）肩动子的转录；流式细胞术、软琼脂集落实验及裸鼠成瘤实验观察细胞生物特性的变化。结果外源性野生型p53基因导入使p53基因在涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞SACC-83中表达增强，其端粒酶活性降低、hTERT启动子转录抑制；转染细胞出现G1期阻滞，软琼脂集落形成率减少，裸鼠成瘤能力降低。结论腺病毒载体介导的外源性野生型p53基因可以抑制涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞端粒酶活性及细胞恶性表型。