Mechanism of Graft Damage Caused by NTPDase1-activated Macrophages in Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect and mechanism of macrophage activation and graft damage caused by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase1) in acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).MethodsAcute AMR was induced in different skin-grafted nude mouse models with wild-type NTPDase1 expression, transgene-enhanced NTPDase1 expression, or NTPDase1 gene knockout. Several methods (eg, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and luciferin/luciferase assays) were used to study (at the histologic and molecular levels) the extracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentration, macrophage proliferation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression on the surface of macrophages, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) expression in the peripheral blood serum, and the total number of SmIg-positive B cells during acute AMR. The relative activity of NTPDase1 in B cells and epithelial cells, pathologic changes, and the incidence of positive C4d deposition around the capillaries of skin grafts on the different nude mice were studied.ResultsMacrophages proliferated significantly when acute AMR occurred. The higher the NTPDase1 expression level, the lower the extracellular ADP concentration, the expression of MHC class II antigens on the surface of macrophages, the expression of BAFF in the peripheral blood serum, and the total number of SmIg-positive B cells, indicating negative correlations. The relative activity of NTPDase1 in B cells and epithelial cells of the skin graft was different among the different mice. The higher the NTPDase1 expression level, the lower the degree of pathologic damage to the skin graft.ConclusionsImbalance in extracellular ADP degradation by NTPDase1 may promote macrophage activation, and activated macrophages may be an important cause of graft damage.     

1例肺移植的干燥综合征患者联用奈玛特韦/利托那韦与环孢素、他克莫司导致肾功能损伤

1例76岁右单肺移植的干燥综合征男性患者在新冠病毒感染后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦治疗,导致合并使用的免疫抑制剂环孢素和他克莫司全血药物谷浓度升高,引起血肌酐升高,后通过停用环孢素、调整他克莫司剂量使他克莫司浓度维持在治疗浓度,血肌酐水平较前改善,患者好转出院。此病例可为临床安全用药实践提供参考。     

直接法与统计法测试松质骨孔隙率的比较研究

目的 探讨松质骨孔隙率的测试方法。方法 对15根猪胫骨分别采用“直接法”与“统计法”测试松质骨孔隙率或其表观密度和材料密度。结果 （1）孔隙率与表观密度呈非常显著负相关,而与材料密度相关不显著;（2）孔隙率沿轴向靠近密质量骨逐渐减小,而沿横向基本不变;（3）统计法可测出松质骨各个层面的孔隙率大小。结论 直接法和统计法均能检测松质骨孔隙率,但统计法较直接法更能反映孔隙率的分布与变化规律。     

三磷酸腺苷生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞计数

为建立一种检测活细胞数的方法,作者采用三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光液闪测定法检测小鼠纤维瘤细胞株L929.ATP标准曲线工作范围为10 -9～10-5mol/ml,相关系数r=0.9963(P＜0.001);当活细胞数在3×1 02～106个/ml时与发光计数值有良好的线性关系,r=0.9922(P＜0.001),变异系数 CV = 1%～3%.用ATP生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞数灵敏、简便、准确、重复性好,用液闪计数仪即可完成测定,有较大的实用价值.     

1～6岁肥胖儿童运动与饮食行为特点分析

目的探讨学龄前儿童发生肥胖的危险因素。方法采用病例对照1：1配对法,问卷调查了120例1～6岁肥胖儿童的运动与饮食行为特征。结果肥胖组儿童平均每日看电视时间明显长于对照组者（P<0.05）,而每日体力活动时间、4个月内喂养方式、添加辅食时间、及睡眠时间两组间无显著性差异。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,食欲好、进食速度快、入托前在家另加早餐、每日主食及肉类摄入量是1～6岁儿童发生肥胖的危险因素。结论学龄前期儿童日常生活中不良的运动和饮食行为与肥胖的发生密切相关。     

肝细胞癌上皮细胞白蛋白和CK7的表达

目的 探讨人类肝癌肝组织是否存在小上皮细胞（small epithelial cell,SEC),这类细胞是否表达白蛋白CK7抗体,对30例人肝细胞肝癌的手术标本材料作免疫组化染色,对其中10例作超微结构观察和白蛋白及CK7的免疫电镜标记。结果 30例中有20例在肝癌肿瘤边缘和增生的小胆管发现有少量SEC。这类细胞既表达白蛋白,又表达CK7。电镜下,这类SEC体积较小,核大,胞质少胞质内主要为游离核糖体,并有胞质内张力微丝及细胞间连接结构。免疫电镜下,10例中有5例可显示在同一SEC同时表达白蛋白和CK7。结论 人肝细胞癌肝中确实存在SEC。这类SEC具有与人肝母细胞瘤和胆道闭锁肝组织中的SEC一样的形态和免疫表型特点。     

An adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay for detecting the number of living cells]

The method for detecting the number of living cells was studied. Using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, the present authors reported a perfect linear relationship between lg ATP concentrations and lg luminescence counts (r = 0.9963) as well as a relationship between lg number of cells and lg ATP luminescence counts (r = 0.9922). The detectable cells ranged from 10(2) to 10(6) cells/ml, the coefficients of variation 1-3%. This method is simple, accurate and sensitive and has a high reproducibility.     

弥漫性脾肿大脾血管的多普勒超声研究

多普勒超声是检查血流动力的一种理想方法 ,具有无创、安全、简便易行等优点。我们应用多普超声对各种常见弥漫性脾肿大患者脾动脉、脾静脉进行血流动力学测定 ,旨在发现其特征 ,为弥漫性脾肿大的病因鉴别诊断提供参考依据。1　资料与方法1.1　观察对象本研究检查弥漫性脾肿大患者 81例 ,男 55例 ,女 2 6例 ,年龄 16～ 6 5岁 ,均系我院住院患者 ,分为六组 ,血液病组 2 0例 ,肝硬化 2 0例 ,急性肝炎组 10例 ,慢性肝炎组 13例 ,伤寒组 7例 ,疟疾组 11例。对照组 32例 ,男 2 0例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 19～ 6 2岁 ,均系我院耳鼻喉科同期住院患者和来…