医用低值材料采供管理的探讨

医疗消耗材料是医疗工作开展的基础，本文从医用低值消耗材料的计划制定、材料采购、库房库存结构、材料供应、成本核算等多方面探讨了如何对医疗消耗材料进行科学管理，这对医院的医疗发展和管理建设有着重要意义。     

室间隔缺损的介入封堵治疗

对介入封堵治疗室间隔缺损的应用情况以及适应症、并发症等作一综述．     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳心肌保护的实验研究

目的：探讨逆行灌注心脏不停跳心肌保护的效果。方法：中国大白兔32只随机分为4组，每组8只，A组（对照组），B组（心脏不停跳组，血温34℃），C组（温血心脏麻痹液组，血温34℃），D组（冷血心脏麻痹液组，血温4℃）。采用离体兔心左室做功模型，经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注稀释血液或血停搏液60min。比较观察心功能、冠脉排出液心肌酶谱、心肌组织乳酸、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度、心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性、心肌细胞膜脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的变化。结果：B组心功能恢复、心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性显著优于C组和D组，C组优于D组；B组心肌酶漏出、乳酸生成量、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度、心肌细胞膜丙二醛（MDA）含量低于C组和D组，C组低于D组。结论：常温氧合血逆灌心脏不停跳良好的心肌保护效果与其减轻自由基损伤，较好地保持细胞内外Ca^2 平衡，减轻细胞内钙超载，保护细胞膜酶功能有关。     

试论新世纪初期医院综合院力评价

作者阐述了医院综合院力的内涵与提出背景，提出了新世纪初期综合院力的评价内容体系，即一级评价内容7项，二级评价内容39项，三级评价内容15l项，并就各指标评价内容进行了讨论分析。     

Image restoration of digital radiography using dual sensor Wiener filter.

A dual sensor Wiener filter (DSWF) technique was used to improve the image quality of a scanning type digital radiographic system. In a digital radiographic system, image quality is evaluated by resolution and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), which are two important parameters representing the objective performance of the system. In this method, when two images are acquired in the same region using two sensors with different characteristics of resolution and SNR, they are processed simultaneously using DSWF, which is the extended concept of a Wiener filter to two dimensions. DSWF uses the cross power spectrum between dual sensor outputs of the same chest radiographic image in the design of filter parameters. It has been implemented with fast algorithm using FFT (fast Fourier transform). The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of conventional methods (Wiener filter and parametric projection filter). In simulation studies, it is shown in 12 cases that this new method has SNR improvement of 1-2 dB better than conventional methods.     

Statistical MUNE: A comparison of two methods of setting recording windows in healthy subjects and ALS patients

OBJECTIVE: To address the issue as to how best to perform statistical MUNE, we applied two different approaches and compared results in healthy subjects and ALS patients. METHODS: Twelve normal subjects (women 8, mean age 52years) and 11 ALS patients (women 4, mean age 54years) underwent two consecutive MUNE studies, which differed in terms of setting and modifying the recording window. These are referred to as the 'expansion' and 'narrowing' methods, respectively. Size-weighted average (Av) SMUP and MUNE values were obtained using the two methods, and compared in control and patient groups. RESULTS: Expansion method-derived Av SMUP sizes and MUNE values differed only slightly from those obtained using the narrowing method in healthy subjects, whereas the narrowing method resulted in significantly larger Av SMUP sizes and smaller MUNE values than the expansion method in ALS patients (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, p=0.003). The sizes of tested areas (mean+/-SD) were significantly larger for the narrowing method than the expansion method in both subject groups with much greater difference in ALS patients; 9.6+/-3.1% vs. 7.9+/-1.7% in healthy subjects and 16.1+/-5.1% vs. 11.2+/-3.0% in ALS patients (Student t-test, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows, unlike that found in normal subjects, that the results of statistical MUNE in ALS patients are heavily dependent on the approach used to set and modify recording windows. SIGNIFICANCE: The expansion method using a 10%-sized window is likely to suffer from systemic errors due to the ceiling effect and the sampling of artifactually small motor units in ALS patients. The authors recommend that the narrowing method be considered as an alternative that avoids these problems.     

局部亚低温治疗急性脑出血的临床研究

目的观察冰帽加双侧颈动脉区冰敷治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效和探讨最佳治疗时机。方法 174例急性脑出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,每组 87例。对照组给予常规治疗 ,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上同时给予亚低温治疗 ;治疗组中 46例在发病 3小时内治疗 ,41例在发病 3小时后治疗。观察治疗组与对照组以及治疗组中发病 3小时内与发病 3小时后两组的临床疗效和预后情况。结果亚低温治疗组与对照组比较 ,神经功能改善 (P <0 0 5 ) ,生存率及恢复良好率提高 (P <0 0 5 )。发病 3小时内开始治疗者优于 3小时后开始者 (P <0 0 5 )。结论亚低温治疗能有效减轻急性脑出血后的神经功能缺损 ,降低病死率和致残率 ;最佳治疗时机在发病 3小时以内。     

老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗相关指标的检测和意义

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗(IR)及其相关性,为老年2型糖尿病的合理防治提供临床依据。方法:选择120例老年2型糖尿病患者,按胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)50百分位点将患者分为两组:胰岛素相对敏感组(HOMA-IR<3.56)和胰岛素相对抵抗组(HOMA-IR≥3.56),比较体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀比(WHR)、血压、血生化学检查等指标。用年龄>40岁,<60岁的2型糖尿病患者做对照组。结果:两组老年患者在年龄、性别、舒张压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、HOMA胰岛β细胞功能方面无差异;但BMI、WHR、收缩压、甘油三脂、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR差异具有显著性。多线性回归分析后,只有腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂、HOMA-IR存在统计学差异。老年患者与对照组相比,IR发生率明显增加,且两者腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂方面也差异显著。结论:IR与老年2型糖尿病密切相关,是临床防治糖尿病的重要靶点。     

1405例冠状动脉旁路移植、激光心肌血运重建术的临床分析

目的总结冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)中的治疗难点、围术期处理要点,以提高冠心病患者的外科治疗效果。方法1997年5月~2006年1月,1405例冠心病患者中在体外循环下行CABG825例,其中单纯CABG666例,CABG+心瓣膜手术98例,CABG+室壁瘤手术55例,CABG+左心房粘液瘤摘除术2例,CABG+室间隔穿孔修补术2例,CABG+升主动脉成形术1例,CABG+纵隔内肿瘤切除术1例;非体外循环下CABG(OPCAB)500例;单纯TMLR30例,CABG+TMLR50例。结果每例移植旁路血管2.9±1.0支。住院死亡42例(3.0%),死亡原因包括出血、心肌梗死、低心排血量综合征、肾功能衰竭、多器官功能衰竭等。术后发生并发症70例,包括出血、低心排血量综合征、心肌梗死、肾功能不全等,均经积极的对症处理后治愈或好转。术前心绞痛(CCS)为~级的1177例患者中,术后1154例(98.0%)改善为0~级。术后随访857例(62.9%),随访时间8.3±2.9个月。随访6个月时788例(91.9%)无心绞痛发作,复查超声心动图提示:左心室射血分数0.66±0.10,较术前提高7.9%,生活质量较术前大为提高。结论CABG已成为治疗冠心病最有效的常规手术,只要能正确掌握适应证,有效地加强围术期管理,便可以扩大手术适应证范围,降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率,提高手术疗效。