Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention

OBJECTIVES: To investigate maternal knowledge and attitudes about otitis media (OM) risk, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in the first year of life, and to identify barriers to the reduction of risk factors (eg, formula feeding, day care attendance, and exposure to passive smoke). METHODS: Questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of 504 Minnesota women >/=18 years old identified through 1994 birth certificates. RESULTS: Eighty percent returned a completed survey. According to maternal report, 29% of infants (age 8 to 13 months) had recurrent OM (>/=3 episodes) and 2% had tympanostomy tubes. Forty-six percent attended day care, 29% had >/=1 smoking parent, and 49% breastfed for 相似文献   

Cortical blindness in a preeclamptic patient after a cesarean delivery complicated by hypotension

IMPLICATIONS: Visual strokes can occur after prolonged hypotension or as a complication of preeclampsia-eclampsia. This case describes the diagnostic dilemma posed by a patient who developed transient blindness after a hypotensive episode during cesarean delivery for severe preeclampsia-eclampsia.     

Optic nerve hypoplasia and the syndrome of nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn. A new association

The nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (NSJ) syndrome is a not uncommon pediatric dermatosis, with malignant potential. It is the cutaneous manifestation of another phakomatosis, characterized by neurologic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, skeletal, and urogenital involvement. The features of this syndrome overlap those of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia of Goldenhar and tuberous sclerosis. The extent of system involvement suggests a developmental insult during the first few weeks of gestation. A clearly genetic basis has not been established. An infant with NSJ syndrome is described who had associated optic nerve hypoplasia. His clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, are presented.     

Are malignant cells displaced by large-gauge needle core biopsy of the breast?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to determine the rate of tumor displacement resulting from large-gauge needle core biopsy in patients with breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred fifty-two cancer excisions in patients who had undergone large-gauge needle core biopsy were evaluated for evidence of tumor displacement. Three needle procedures were compared: vacuum-assisted, automated gun, and core biopsy guided by palpation. Needle track visualization, presence and amount of tumor displacement, tumor morphology, and interval between core biopsy and surgical excision were recorded for each case. RESULTS: Seventy-six cases showed tumor displacement of one or two cell clusters, and 38 cases-showed displacement of multiple tumor fragments. Tumor displacement was identified in 37% of automated gun specimens, 38% of specimens obtained with palpable guidance, and 23% of specimens obtained with a vacuum-assisted needle. Tumor displacement was seen in 42% of patients with an interval between biopsy and excision of less than 15 days, in 31% of patients with an interval of 15-28 days, and in 15% of tumors excised more than 28 days after core biopsy (p < .005). CONCLUSION: Tumor cell displacement was observed in 32% of patients who had undergone large-gauge needle core biopsy. The incidence and amount of tumor displacement was inversely related to the interval between core biopsy and excision. This relation suggests that tumor cells do not survive displacement.