Negative emotion impacts memory for verbal discourse in pediatric bipolar disorder

Jacobs RH, Pavuluri MN, Schenkel LS, Palmer A, Shah K, Vemuri D, Whited S, Little DM. Negative emotion impacts memory for verbal discourse in pediatric bipolar disorder.
Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 287–293. © 2011 The Authors.
Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: Cognitive and emotional deficits have been documented in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD); however, to date, a systematic evaluation of comprehension and memory for verbally presented information has not been conducted. The effect of emotion on comprehension and memory for verbally presented material also has not been examined. We examined whether youth with PBD have difficulty recalling the big picture (macrostructure) as well as the story details (microstructure). Methods: A total of 35 youth with PBD and 25 healthy controls completed an Affective Story Task. A psychological processing model allowed for the examination of both the macrostructure and microstructure of language comprehension. Results: Youth with PBD were capable of comprehending the gist of the stories and were not impaired by emotion when comprehending and remembering macrostructure. However, negative emotional material was found to proactively interfere with the encoding and recall of microstructure. Level of depression appeared to impact recall of microstructure, but not macrostructure. Conclusions: Negatively valenced material may impair subsequent comprehension and memory for details among youth with PBD. This deficit could impact the daily functioning of these youth, as the perception of negative affect may derail aspects of successful comprehension and learning.     

A systematic review of studies concerning observer agreement during medical specialist diagnosis using videoconferencing

We conducted a systematic review of studies of observer agreement for medical specialist diagnosis via videoconferencing. The review was based on searches of electronic databases and a hand search of relevant journals and reference lists between 1966 and June 2010. There were 20 studies comparing videoconferencing diagnosis with a non-telemedicine alternative by reporting a measure of agreement. Half of the studies were in the field of dermatology; these studies provided solid support for the reliability of videoconferencing. The other 10 studies were in psychiatry, geriatrics, minor injuries, neurology and rheumatology. Reliability of diagnosis via videoconferencing was confirmed in all studies. In the studies where physical examination was an element of the diagnostic process, results were reliable but authors recommended greater care during the diagnostic process (e.g. good equipment, onsite support, additional camera angles). Four studies incorporated a second group to measure agreement in paired face-to-face assessments. Although useful evidence for the reliability of diagnosis via videoconferencing was provided by the studies in the review, the range of medical specialties was small. The variation in research methodology and statistical analysis suggests a lack of clarity about which research design is appropriate for measuring observer agreement in relation to diagnostic reliability.     

球体培养人、猪肝细胞：一种理想的体外生物人工肝模式

体外培养的肝细胞有多种临床用途〔１〕。其中将肝细胞置入特殊的生物反应器,构建生物人工肝（ｂｉｏａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｌｉｖｅｒ,ＢＡＬ）支持系统有重要的临床价值。有研究报道,细胞聚集成多细胞的球体（ｓｐｈｅｒｉｏｄ）更类似于体内条件;并且可在有限的容积内高密度地培养肝细胞〔２〕。因此,我们实验构建人、猪肝细胞球体,并比较肝细胞普通培养与球体培养蛋白分泌功能的变化。１．材料和方法：试剂：Ｄｕｂｅｃｃｏ′ｓ磷酸盐缓冲液;Ｈａｎｋ′ｓ平衡盐;ＩＴＳ（胰岛素,运铁蛋白和硒,ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ,ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒ…     

Rotator cuff sonography: a reassessment

This study is both a retrospective and prospective evaluation of the clinical usefulness of shoulder sonography. Ninety-eight patients suspected of having rotator cuff tears underwent sonography of both shoulders. Sixty-two patients underwent double-contrast arthrography performed on the same day as sonography, and 38 patients underwent surgery after sonography. A comparison of the results from ultrasound and arthrography, using published diagnostic criteria, demonstrated a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 43% for detection of a rotator cuff tear. In this study, use of more restricted criteria, a subset of the published criteria, yielded a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 90%. A comparison of sonography with surgery, using this study's criteria, demonstrated a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 76%. This report shows that shoulder sonography is less reliable than previously reported and appears to have a very limited role in the evaluation of rotator cuff injuries.     

加钖果宁的镇痛作用及其作用机制

野花椒系芸香科植物(Zanthoxylum simulans Hance),其根皮有止痛及局麻作用。其水溶性生物碱有肌松作用,曾用于外科手术作为中麻辅助用药。常志青从中分离到加钖果宁[(—)edulinine,简称加钖碱,下同],并发现有镇痛及中枢抑制作用。本文进一步证明其镇痛作用及其作用机制与阿片受体有关。     

Equivocal mammographic findings: evaluation with spot compression

Seventy-five spot compression views of equivocally suspicious lesions detected at routine mammographic examination of 72 women were reviewed in this retrospective study. Sixty-five of the 75 lesions appeared less suspicious on spot compression views, two did not change, and eight appeared more suspicious. Biopsy findings confirmed that the eight more suspicious lesions were cancer. The adjunctive use of spot compression helped characterize equivocal findings seen on routine mammographic views and improved the accuracy of mammographic interpretation.