Morinda officinalis extract exhibits protective effects against atopic dermatitis by regulating the MALAT1/miR-590-5p/CCR7 axis

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a genetic predisposition, and the traditional Chinese medicine Morinda officinalis and its roots are characterized with anti-inflammatory effects and have been used for the treatment of various disease. However, it is still largely unknown whether Morinda officinalis extract (MOE) can be used for the treatment of AD.

Objectives

In our study we aimed to determine whether MOE could ameliorate 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD and elucidate molecular mechanisms.

Methods

We established an AD mouse model by using DNCB. Skin pathological analysis and ELISA assay were used to detect the effect of MOE on the inflammation of AD model mouse skin and the expression changes of inflammatory factors, and further functional verification was performed in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells.

Results

Our in vivo experiments confirmed that MOE remarkably reduced DNCB-induced AD lesions and symptoms, such as epidermal and dermal thickness and mast cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines secretion in the mice models. In addition, the underlying mechanisms by which MOE ameliorated AD had been uncovered, and we verified that MOE inhibited MALAT1 expression in AD, resulting in attenuated expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) regulated by MALAT1-sponge miR-590-5p in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced cellular proliferation and inflammation.     

Construction and application of tuberculosis medical and nursing integration cooperation model

Objective

To explore the clinical effect of the tuberculosis (TB) doctor–nurse integration management model

Methods

This study is a retrospective historical cohort study. The clinical data of 180 patients with TB in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. In a control group, 90 cases were treated with the traditional medical care model. An observation group of 90 cases received clinical diagnoses, treatments, and nursing under a doctor–nurse integration management model. Comparative analyses between the two groups were conducted on various aspects, including the awareness level of TB prevention and control, medication compliance and patient satisfaction. Comparisons between the two groups were evaluated using independent-sample t-tests or Chi-squared tests

Results

Compared with the control group, the knowledge awareness levels of TB prevention and medication compliance in the observation group were significantly higher (p < .05). The appointment waiting times and hospitalization times in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05). The total average satisfaction score of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < .05). Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with their nursing methods, operating techniques, psychological techniques, service attitudes, and ward management (p < .05). In addition, in the observation group, medical–nursing relationships and doctor–patient communication were better than in the control group; additionally, the satisfaction of doctors with nursing work was also higher than in the control group, which was a statistically significant difference (p < .05)

Conclusion

The implementation of an integrated medical–nursing cooperation model for TB will help increase the awareness of health knowledge in patients with TB, improve patient medication compliance and enhance patient satisfaction.     

Exploring Australian emergency department clinicians' knowledge,attitudes and adherence to the national peripheral intravenous catheter clinical care standard: A cross-sectional national survey

Objective

This study aimed to (i) capture clinicians' knowledge, attitude and adherence to the first Australian national peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) Clinical Care Standard, (ii) examine the instrument performance of the knowledge related questions and (iii) explore the educational needs for, and barriers to, Standard adherence among Australian ED clinicians.

Methods

A cross-sectional national online survey was conducted from March to June 2022, using a snowball sampling method. The survey used 5-point Likert scales and multiple-choice questions to capture respondents' knowledge, attitude and adherence to the Standard as well as the educational needs for, and barriers to, Standard adherence.

Results

In total, 433 ED nurses and doctors responded. Although nearly half (n = 206, 47.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 55.5–65.8) of respondents claimed that they were unfamiliar with the Standard, questions on PIVC knowledge yielded that most respondents had adequate knowledge of most of the key standards. Respondents' attitudes towards multiple intravenous insertion attempts and ongoing PIVC competency monitoring are not in agreement with the Standard. Self-reported practices regarding routine insertion of idle catheters (55%; 95% CI 49.9–59.9), using antecubital fossa as the first insertion site (84%; 95% CI 80–87), insertion without confidence (46%; 95% CI 41.2–51.1) and lack of routine reviewing the ongoing needs of PIVC (40%; 95% CI 35.3–45.1) were not aligned with the Standard. Unawareness of the Standard and non-practical recommendations were rated as the top barriers to Standard adherence.

Conclusion

The findings of the survey suggest that the Standard may need modification to align with the needs of ED clinicians. Future studies need to explore the applicability and relevancy of some recommendations in the ED settings as they may cause low adherence to the Standard.     

Staff knowledge,attitudes and practices regarding glycaemic management in adult intensive care units: A national survey

Background

Hyperglycaemia is common in critically ill adult patients. Many studies have identified the content, methods, and effects of glycaemic control but have not explored the effects of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on glycaemic control in critically ill adults. Various factors also influence the KAP of intensive care unit (ICU) staff.

Aims

To assess KAP regarding glucose management for critically ill adults among nurses and medical professionals and identify the factors that influence their KAP in ICUs.

Methods

A multicentre cross-sectional survey.

Results

In total, 403/459 (response rate: 87.8%) participants from ICUs in nine tertiary hospitals in China participated in this study, 82.4% of whom were female and 93.4% of whom were nurses. The mean work experience was 8.88 years, and the mean critical care experience was 6.59 years. The scoring rate for the three dimensions of knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 82.35%, 87.69%, and 76%, respectively. We did not find any other factors affecting the KAP scores except for the level of knowledge awareness (p < 0.001), awareness of the importance (p < 0.001), and training for glucose control (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

ICU staff KAP regarding glycaemic control in critically ill adults among ICU professionals were acceptable in China. However, ICU professionals' current knowledge regarding nutrition, glucose variability, and skills related to glucose management could be improved.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

ICU educators should provide more skills-related training for healthcare professionals in the glycaemic management of critically ill adults. Moreover, the process of managing blood glucose in adult ICU patients is a collaborative, multidisciplinary team effort, with monitoring and feedback required during implementation.     

神经生长因子对局灶性脑缺血神经干细胞巢蛋白表达及细胞类型的影响

目的:实验于2006-02/07在锦州医学院科学实验中心完成。将72只健康SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、神经生长因子治疗组,每组24只。采用Logna等改良法复制大脑中动脉血栓模型,动物清醒2h后进行功能评价,动物神经功能达到2级的纳入实验。假手术组除不进行大脑中动脉线栓外,其余同模型组。神经生长因子治疗组于缺血后立即腹腔注射神经生长因子1000μg/kg,1次/d。于缺血后1,3,7,14d处死动物,运用免疫组化和免疫荧光双标的方法观察神经生长因子对脑缺血后神经干细胞巢蛋白的表达及其细胞类型的影响。结果:72只大鼠均进入结果分析。①神经生长因子治疗组和模型组大脑皮质均可见巢蛋白阳性细胞,细胞呈圆形或椭圆形。与模型组相比,除缺血后1d外,神经生长因子治疗组其他时间点的巢蛋白阳性细胞数均明显高于模型组,两组缺血后各时间点的巢蛋白阳性细胞数均高于假手术组[模型组:(3.47±0.51),(5.13±1.14),(13.95±3.56),(8.97±2.08)个;神经生长因子治疗组:(3.81±0.66),(9.88±2.08),(19.87±3.86),(26.17±2.90)个,假手术组:0,P<0.05,P<0.01]。②模型组和神经生长因子治疗组3d时缺血皮质巢蛋白阳性突起主要与胶质纤维酸性蛋白共存,14d时巢蛋白与神经元特异性烯醇化酶共存明显增多。结论:神经生长因子能增加局灶性脑缺血后巢蛋白的阳性细胞的数目,并促进其分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。     

应用Heath-Carter体型法分析辽西地区城市汉族儿童青少年1263名体型特征

目的:分析辽西地区城市汉族儿童青少年的体型发育规律和特点,为体质人类学补充必要的数据。方法:按整群分层抽样法,抽取2001-07/2003-09辽西地区城市7所中小学7～19岁经学校正常体质检查证明身体健康的汉族学生,按性别分两大组,每大组按年龄分12小组,7～18岁每岁为1个年龄组,18～19岁为1个年龄组,每小组45～86名,共分24组,搜集完整资料1263名(男657名,女606名)。采用Heath-Carter体型法,每项指标测量2次,取平均值,10项指标由专人负责,测试数据按年龄和性别在微机中建立数据库,依次计算出各年龄组的内因子、中因子和外因子,体型图上的X,Y坐标值,身高/体质量1/3,样本中平均体型点到所有体型点空间距离的均数,三维空间中两个体型点间的差异,体脂含量和各类体型分布频数。结果:参加调查1263名,均进入结果分析。①7～17岁儿童青少年身高、体质量随年龄的增加而增长。平均身高、体质量男生大于女生。身高/体质量1/3指数除14,16和17岁外,各年龄组女生>男生,平均值女生>男生。体脂含量11岁以前男生>女生,12岁以后女生>男生。②辽西地区城市汉族男生的平均体型值为3.9-3.5-3.4,属中间型,女生平均体型值为4.3-2.9-3.6,属偏外胚层的内胚层体型。体型频数的变化提示辽西城市汉族男生体型分布较散,女生分布较集中,主要在内胚层体型。③内因子男生在3.18～4.81,女生在3.05～5.33,11岁以前男生>女生,12岁以后女生>男生;中因子男生在3.02～4.23,女生在2.54～3.42,除16岁男女相差不多外,其他年龄组男生>女生,外因子男生在2.64～4.22,女生在2.92～4.14,13岁以前女生>男生,14岁以后男生>女生。因此,男生较女生骨骼粗壮,肌肉发达,随着年龄的增长,女生的皮下脂肪更发达,体态丰满,男生的身体相对瘦高程度增长,身材修长。男女各年龄组间体型比较,7～,8～,9～,10～,11～,12～,13～,14～,15～,16～,17～,18～19岁三维空间中两个体型点间的差异值分别为0.95,0.85,1.10,1.06,1.37,0.43,0.87,1.44,1.42,1.12,1.11,1.33,7～,8～,12～,14～,17～,18～19年龄组男女间体型差异有显著性(t=2.07,4.09,3.12,3.86,3.39,3.99,P<0.05)。④与国内汉族及其他少数民族相比,辽西汉族男生体脂最多,骨骼肌肉不发达,身体相对矮小;辽西地区汉族女生体脂较多,骨骼肌肉不发达,体型修长。结论:辽西地区城市男生较女生骨骼粗壮,肌肉发达,随着年龄的增长,女生的皮下脂肪更发达,体态丰满,男生的身体相对瘦高程度增长,身材修长。与国内汉族及其他少数民族相比,辽西地区城市汉族儿童青少年体脂发育较好,骨骼肌肉欠发达,青春期是形成健壮体型的关键时期,辽西地区城市儿童青少年应注意合理饮食和加强体育锻炼。     

Heme and chlorophyll intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the Netherlands cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The evidence for red meat as a determinant of colorectal cancer remains equivocal, which might be explained by differences in heme content. Heme is the pro-oxidant, iron-containing porphyrin pigment of meat and its content depends on the type of meat. Chlorophyll from green vegetables might modify this association. METHODS: The Netherlands Cohort Study was initiated in 1986 when a self-administered questionnaire on risk factors for cancer was completed by 120,852 subjects ages 55 to 69 years. After 9.3 years of follow-up through the Cancer Registry, 1,535 incident colorectal cancer cases (869 men and 666 women) were available. Nineteen of the 150 items in the validated dietary questionnaire related to consumption of specific types of fresh and processed meat. Heme iron content was calculated as a type-specific percentage of the total iron content and chlorophyll content of vegetables was derived from the literature. RESULTS: Multivariate rate ratios for quintiles of heme iron intake and colon cancer were 1.00, 0.98, 1.04, 1.13, and 1.29 (P(trend) = 0.10) among men and 1.00, 1.31, 1.44, 1.18, and 1.20 (P(trend) = 0.56) among women, respectively. No consistent associations were observed for rectal cancer. Rate ratios for colon cancer increased across successive quintiles of the ratio of heme/chlorophyll among men only (1.00, 1.08, 1.01, 1.32, and 1.43; P(trend) = 0.01). No associations were observed between fresh meat and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest an elevated risk of colon cancer in men with increasing intake of heme iron and decreasing intake of chlorophyll. Further research is needed to confirm these results.     

Computed tomography diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease characterized by the presence of osseous and cartilaginous submucosal nodules projecting into the tracheobronchial tree. Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at post‐mortem. We identified a case of TO on thoracic spiral CT and confirmed the diagnosis on bronchoscopy. This article reviews the imaging characteristics of TO, and shows the 3‐D virtual bronchoscopic and multiplanar reconstruction appearances of TO.