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91.
Intracellular pathogens, particularly those that target host mononuclear phagocytes, have evolved strategies to either evade or inhibit cellular mechanisms of host defense. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania donovani exemplify a diverse group of microorganisms that have developed the ability to invade and replicate within host macrophages, leading to disease expression. Recent studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of intracellular infection may involve interference with host cell signaling. Drawing upon examples from in vitro models that focused on M. tuberculosis and L. donovani, we review evidence that activation of host cell phosphotyrosine phosphatases may contribute to pathogenesis. A leading candidate appears to be the Src homology 2 domain containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, the activation of which may contribute to the development of infection and disease progression. 相似文献
92.
Philippe A. Puech Loïc Boussel Samir Belfkih Laurent Lemaitre Philippe Douek Régis Beuscart 《Journal of digital imaging》2007,20(2):122-130
DicomWorks is freeware software for reading and working on medical images [digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)].
It was jointly developed by two research laboratories, with the feedback of more than 35,000 registered users throughout the
world who provided information to guide its development. We detail their occupations (50% radiologists, 20% engineers, 9%
medical physicists, 7% cardiologists, 6% neurologists, and 8% others), geographic origins, and main interests in the software.
The viewer’s interface is similar to that of a picture archiving and communication system viewing station. It provides basic
but efficient tools for opening DICOM images and reviewing and exporting them to teaching files or digital presentations.
E-mail, FTP, or DICOM protocols are supported for transmitting images through a local network or the Internet. Thanks to its
wide compatibility, a localized (15 languages) and user-friendly interface, and its opened architecture, DicomWorks helps
quick development of non proprietary, low-cost image review or teleradiology solutions in developed and emerging countries. 相似文献
93.
Sylvie Degermann Christina Reilly Bernadette Scott Lynn Ogata Harald Von Boehmer David Lo 《European journal of immunology》1994,24(12):3155-3160
Autoimmune (type 1) diabetes mellitus in mouse, rat, and humans shares several features, including T lymphocyte infiltration into pancreatic islets and a dependence on permissive class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles. We report here on an experimental model involving mice that express influenza hemagglutinin (HA) under the control of the insulin promoter and, at the same time, a transgenic class II MHC-restricted T cell receptor (TcR) specific for an HA peptide. These mice spontaneously develop islet infiltrates resembling those found in NOD mice and most animals become diabetic within 8 weeks of age. Because of the availability of a clonotypic TcR antibody, we can be confident that the Ins-HA transgene does not induce any measurable alterations in the vast majority of T cells with the transgenic TcR in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Continuous export of large numbers of HA-specific lymphocytes from the thymus was not required for the manifestation of the disease since mice thymectomized at 3 days after birth still developed the disease albeit with smaller infiltrates. 相似文献
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98.
Silvano Adami Maurizio Rossini Nicoletta Zamberlan Francesco Bertoldo Romolo Dorizzi Vincenzo Lo Cascio 《Maturitas》1993,17(3):191-196
The transdermal and oral administration of estrogens for one year were compared with respect to the effects on lipid metabolism. Eighty-one postmenopausal women (1.5-3 years after menopause) were randomly divided into three groups. The first two groups received sequential estrogen treatment with either transdermal estradiol (Estraderm TTS, Ciba Geigy; 50 μg/day; 24 women) or 0.625 mg/day conjugated estrogens (Premarin, Wyeth; 20 subjects), respectively. In both groups medroxyprogesterone (10 mg/day per os) was added for 12 days of each cycle. Thirty-five subjects served as control group without therapy. No significant changes in the lipid profile was observed in control subjects after 1 year of follow-up. Serum triglycerides decreased significantly (-10.9 ± 26% S.D.; P < 0.05) in transdermal treated women, whereas it slightly rose in oral estrogen group. Comparable significant decreases in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mean range -6.5/-18.0%) were observed in women on estrogen replacement therapy. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol significantly diminished in transdermal estradiol group, but it rose slightly in the oral estrogen group. Thus the fraction of HDL cholesterol over LDL cholesterol did not change in the transdermal group whereas it significantly rose in subjects treated with oral estrogens. It remains to be established to what extent these differences on lipid metabolism are relevant for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
99.
Ko JM Yau WL Chan PL Lung HL Yang L Lo PH Tang JC Srivastava G Stanbridge EJ Lung ML 《Genes, chromosomes & cancer》2005,43(3):284-293
Despite the abundant evidence of high allelic loss of chromosome arm 14q in human cancers, tumor-suppressor genes mapped to this chromosome have yet to be identified. To narrow the search for candidate genes, we performed monochromosome transfer of chromosome 14 into an esophageal carcinoma cell line, SLMT-1 S1. Statistically significant suppression of the tumorigenic potential of microcell hybrids containing the transferred chromosome 14 provided functional evidence that tumor-suppressive regions of chromosome 14 are essential for esophageal cancer. Tumor segregants emerging in nude mice during the tumorigenicity assay were analyzed by detailed PCR-microsatellite typing to identify critical nonrandomly eliminated regions (CRs). A 680-kb CR mapped to 14q32.13 and an approximately 2.2-Mb CR mapped to 14q32.33 were delineated. Dual-color BAC FISH analysis of microcell hybrids and tumor segregants verified the selective loss of the 14q32.13 region. In contrast, similar transfers of an intact chromosome 11 into SLMT-1 S1 did not significantly suppress tumor formation. These functional complementation studies showing the correlation of tumorigenic potential with critical regions of chromosome 14 validated the importance of the 14q32 region in tumor suppression in esophageal cancer. The present study also paved the path for further identification of novel tumor-suppressor genes that are relevant to the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. 相似文献